Verb Tenses
Verbs How do we use verbs? Make Statements – expressing facts, opinions, describe thoughts and desires, etc. Indicative Ask Questions – seeking information about the subject Interrogative Give commands, advice, etc. to the subject Imperative Provide information about the subject Linking (to a description) Make “what if” statements Conditional If I won the lottery, I would take a month long trip to Alaska. If pigs could fly, the world would be in trouble.
Verbs Time is often, but not always, important when describing an action or state Two aspects: First, when: Already happen? (Past) Currently happening? (Present) Has not yet happened? (Future)
Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state Two aspects: Second, comparative time Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) What did you do yesterday? I made cookies.
Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state Two aspects: Second, comparative time Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) What were you doing when I called? I was making cookies.
Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state Two aspects: Second, comparative time Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect) What were you doing when I called? I had made cookies.
Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state Two aspects: Second, comparative time Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect) The action was on-going for some significant time; it may or may not be completed at the important point in time (Perfect Continuous) You sounded tired when I called. I had been making cookies for hours!
Verb Tenses There are 12 verb tenses in English The time element is reflected in the tense When the “the important point of time” occurs (past, present, future), determines which tense to use Simple Continuous (In-Process) Perfect (Completed) Perfect Continuous Present Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous
Forming Verb Tenses Two primary ways our various languages create verb tenses Conjugation -> change the form of the verb Walk/walked; run/ran; sleep/slept; play/played Use of Auxiliary (or Helping) Verbs -> use of additional specific verbs to provide the information Ex: I will walk around the lake. Ex: I had been walking around the park. Most languages use both, but to different degrees
Background English both, but uses auxiliary verbs far more than most other languages Conjugation -> English has 5 verbs forms Auxiliary (or Helping verbs) -> English uses two: To be -> to make continuous tenses -> express the idea of an on-going activity Ex: He is watching TV. He was watching a movie. To have -> to make perfect tenses -> a completed action or event as of a specific point in time Ex: I have finished my homework. Ex: I will have finished my homework by tomorrow morning.
I Corinthians 13:4-8 4Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love.
I Corinthians 13:4-8 4Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love. Love is patient and kind time independent; no helping verbs Love is not jealous time independent; no helping verbs Love does not demand its own way. time independent; helping verbs (do – to create negative); later lesson Love is not irritable time independent; no helping verbs it keeps no record time independent; no helping verbs it has been wronged. event completed in the past; helping verb “have” It is never glad time independent; no helping verbs but rejoices whenever the truth wins out time independent; no helping verbs Love never gives up, time independent; no helping verbs never loses faith, time independent; no helping verbs is always hopeful, time independent; no helping verbs endures through every circumstance. time independent; no helping verbs Love will last forever, time independent; helping verb “will” to create future There are three things time independent; no helping verbs that will endure – faith, hope, and love – time independent; helping verb “will” to create future the greatest of these is love. time independent; no helping verb
Verbs Time is often, but not always, important when describing an action or state: When: already happen? (Past); currently happening? (Present); has not yet happened? (Future) Comparative Time: Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) What did you do yesterday? I made cookies. The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) What were you doing when I called? I was making cookies. The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect) What were you doing when I called? I had made cookies. The action was on-going for some significant time; it may or may not be completed at the important point in time (Perfect Continuous) You sounded tired when I called. “I had been making cookies for hours”.
Verb Tenses The time element is reflected in the tense There are 12 verb tenses in English When the “the important point of time” occurs (past, present, future), determines which tense to use Simple Continuous (In-Process) Perfect (Completed) Perfect Continuous Present Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous
Forming Verb Tenses Two primary ways our various languages create verb tenses Conjugation -> change the form of the verb Walk/walked; run/ran; sleep/slept; play/played Use of Auxiliary (or Helping) Verbs -> use of additional specific verbs to provide the information Ex: I will walk around the lake. Ex: I had walked around the park. Most languages use both, but to different degrees
Forming Verb Tenses English uses both, but uses auxiliary verbs far more than most other languages Conjugation -> English has 5 verbs forms Auxiliary (or Helping verbs) -> English uses two: To be -> to make continuous tenses -> express the idea of an on-going activity Ex: He is watching TV. He was watching a movie. To have -> to make perfect tenses -> a completed action or event as of a specific point in time Ex: I have finished my homework. Ex: I will have finished my homework by tomorrow morning.
I Corinthians 13:4-8 4Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love. Love is patient and kind time independent; no helping verbs Love is not jealous time independent; no helping verbs Love does not demand its own way. time independent; helping verbs (do – to create negative); later lesson Love is not irritable time independent; no helping verbs it keeps no record time independent; no helping verbs it has been wronged. event completed in the past; helping verb “have” It is never glad time independent; no helping verbs but rejoices whenever the truth wins out time independent; no helping verbs Love never gives up, time independent; no helping verbs never loses faith, time independent; no helping verbs is always hopeful, time independent; no helping verbs endures through every circumstance. time independent; no helping verbs Love will last forever, time independent; helping verb “will” to create future There are three things time independent; no helping verbs that will endure – faith, hope, and love – time independent; helping verb “will” to create future the greatest of these is love. time independent; no helping verb