BLOOD VESSEL

Bohr Effect The Bohr Effect describes the result of increasing CO2 in causing more oxygen unloading from hemoglobin. It results from two circumstances: 1) the effect of lowering pH as described above, and 2) the effect of carbaminohemoglobin in stimulating oxygen unloading. The corollary to the Bohr Effect is called the Haldane Effect. This effect states that a reduction of oxygen on the hemoglobin molecule allows for more CO2 transport as carbaminohemoglobin.

CARDIAC CYCLE

Atherosclerosis Blocked flow in coronary arteries can result in death of heart muscle, leading to a heart attack. Blockage of coronary arteries is usually the result of gradual buildup of lipids and cholesterol in the inner wall of the coronary artery. Occasional chest pain, angina pectoralis, can result during periods of stress or physical exertion. Angina indicates oxygen demands are greater than capacity to deliver it and that a heart attack may occur in the future. Heart muscle cells that die are not replaced: heart muscle cells do not divide.