Infant Reflexes and Stereotypies Chapter 9 Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Motor Development in Infancy Two type of movements are characteristic of the first several months of life: Infant reflexes Stereotypies Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Infant Reflexes Last four months of prenatal life and first four months after birth Involuntary and subcortical Total number is unknown Help to secure nourishment and protection Provide information on infant health and neurological maturation Some persevere past infancy: Lifespan reflexes Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Expected Time of Occurrence of Selected Infant Reflexes Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Primitive Reflexes Symmetric tonic next reflex Plantar grasp reflex Babinski reflex Palmar mandibular reflex Palmar mental reflex Palmar grasp reflex Sucking reflex Search reflex Moro reflex Startle reflex Asymmetric tonic neck reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Palmar grasp reflex Sucking reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Moro reflex Search reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Asymmetric tonic neck reflex Symmetric tonic neck reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Plantar grasp reflex Babinski reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Palmar mandibular reflex Palmar mental reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Postural Reflexes Stepping reflex Crawling reflex Swimming reflex Head-righting reflex Body-righting reflex Parachuting reflex Labyrinthine reflex Pull-up reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Crawling reflex Stepping reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Head-righting reflex Swimming reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Parachuting reflex Body-righting reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Pull-up reflex Labryinthine reflex Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Reflexes as Diagnostic Tools Age specific Indicators of an infant’s neurological maturation Cerebral palsy Tested during routine physical examinations by trained professionals Milani Comparetti Neuromotor Developmental Examination Primitive Reflex Profile Also used as diagnostic tools with adults Parkinson’s disease Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Reflecting on Infant Reflexes and Developing Future Movement After reading the discussion on page 216 of the text, do you agree that reflexes provide a form of practice that helps an infant attain future movement? Or do you believe that reflexes are simply involuntary and have no link to later voluntary movement? Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Stereotypies Rhythmical, patterned, seemingly centrally controlled movements In adults: A sign of atypical development; mental or emotional disorders In infants: Considered typical behavior that provides evidence of functional maturation of neurological system Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers Videos—Reflexes Palmar Grasp Reflex Sucking Reflex Search (Rooting) Reflex Moro Reflex Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex Plantar Grasp Reflex Babinski Reflex Stepping Reflex Swimming Reflex Parachuting Reflex Pull-Up Reflex Visit YouTube to watch videos of these various reflexes, some in infants as young as 30-minutes old. Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers