Egeo 324: East Asia Human Environment CHINA THE SETTING Part 3: Anthropogenic Regional Impacts and Environmental Policies and Impacts China Geography & Envr

Part 3 Historical Expansion Minority Areas Transportation Resource Base Industry China Geography & Envr

Historical Pattern of Expansion – over centuries shortages and political pressures have caused the growth of China Starts in North on Plains surrounding Huang He River -- Northern Inland foundation Gradually move South and from Inland areas to sea and also west & a bit north China Geography & Envr

Historical Growth of China China Geography & Envr

2 A.D. China Geography & Envr

“Chinese” Language evolution and current distribution in China China Geography & Envr

Chinese Empire at its 19th Century Height China Geography & Envr

A very brief historical background 2500 BC Yellow Emperor – Han People start 551-479 BC – Confucius, philosopher 221-206 BC – first true emperor Qin Shi Huang – start of unified CHINA 206 BC -220 AD Han Dynasty – first great Chinese Dynasty 1911 End of Imperial China 1949 People’s Republic of China established China Geography & Envr

Yellow “Emperor” Yellow Emperor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Yellow Emperor The Yellow Emperor or Huang Di (Chinese: 黃帝, Simplified Chinese: 黄帝, pīnyīn: huángdì) is a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is said to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese. One of the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is said by tradition to have reigned from 2698 BCE to 2599 BCE. The legend of his retreat to west in the war against the eastern Emperor Chi You at the Battle of Zhuolu (涿鹿) is seen as the establishment of the Han Chinese nationality. China Geography & Envr

Pre-Historic Five Emporers All these "emperors" were only people with great contributions or famous rulers of tribal unions. From the Bamboo Annals and Classic of History, their positions are known to have been attained by election by other chiefs in the tribal unions. When they die, their children may succeed the positions of the ruler of their own tribe, but not the position of the ruler of the tribal union. Their power is much less than the historical Chinese emperors, China Geography & Envr

First Historic Emperor of China The first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇), who coined a new term for "Emperor" (huangdi 皇帝) by combining the titles of "sovereign" (huang 皇) and "god-king" (di 帝) (which is homophonic with the name of the "Yellow Emperor", the first traditional emperor (黄 帝),) who had absolute power over the people. China Geography & Envr

First “Historical” Emperor of China http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/greatwall/Emperor.html China Geography & Envr

Qinshihuang Desperate For Longevity Qinshihuang, the first emperor who unified China in 221 B.C., was desperate in searching elixir of life, and even sent Taoists overseas for it. He died of illness at 49 in 210B.C., four years before his dynasty's collapse. When Qinshihuang was still alive, he began to build his mausoleum with some terracotta warrior pits. The Qinshihuang Mausoleum is located 30 km east to Xi'an, at the foot of Lishan hills. Qinshihuang's body is still buried there. China Geography & Envr

Summary Chinese people (Han) are almost 5,000 years old China as a unified state is about 2,000 years old The old guys and gals left a lot behind In 1911 the Imperial system ended In 1949 the current system began China Geography & Envr

Geographic Keys Points EXTERNAL: Barriers, Invasions & Isolationism Sinocentric isolation Mongolian/turkic peoples (barbarians) & reactions (over past 5,000 years) China attempts isolation, walls, xenophobia Barbarians from the “south” – Europeans 18th century China Attempts isolation, exclusion Opium wars force open markets of country China Geography & Envr

Geographic Keys Points INTERNAL: Long historical spatial pattern Joining country into empire under new dynasties Fragmenting into separate kingdoms under declining dynasties Refer to Zhang et. al article for the a listing of this activity China Geography & Envr

China’s Four Ethno/ Historic Regions 1. China Proper 2 China’s Four Ethno/ Historic Regions 1. China Proper 2. Inner Mongolia 3. Xinjiang 4. Tibet Inner Mongolia TIBET China Geography & Envr

China Proper: The East China Geography & Envr

Border and Minority Areas Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Tibet Relationship to Minority Ethno-Linguistic Regions China Geography & Envr

Current Minority Tension China Geography & Envr

The West China Geography & Envr

Ethno-Linguistic Patters China Geography & Envr

Ethno-Linguistic Patters China Geography & Envr

Xinjiang to Nei (Inner) Mongolia China Geography & Envr

Tibet China Geography & Envr

Plus Two Xinjiang Tibet China Geography & Envr