Title = “Nation Building” Day 21 Opening Question Title = “Nation Building” Are sayings such as “Nation Building” and “Spreading Democracy” just covers for imperialism?

Day 22 Objectives Evaluate the foreign policy of Presidents McK, TR, Taft, and Wilson from 1896-1900

Industrial Revolution 1816-1860 in three layers Politics & Expansion Industrial Revolution Slavery & Antebellum

1896-1914 in two layers Progressive Era Imperialism

McKinley (1897-1901) Roosevelt (1901-1909) Our Imperial Presidents McKinley (1897-1901) Roosevelt (1901-1909) National-istic Militaristic Taft (1909-1913) Wilson(1913-1921) Humanit-arian Economic

Everyone liked it but me… Spheres of Influence = European countries control certain Chinese ports 1899 + 1900… Everyone liked it but me… And me!! I’ll respond!! Sphere of Influence- countries seek economic and political control of china America wanted a Open Door Policy- open trade relation between China and other nations Boxer Rebellion- Chinese nationalists try to rid China of foreigners Empires agree to America's policy. Key foreign policy victory Our treatment of Chinese citizens plays important role

New Acquisitions… New Headaches Banana Republics = Central American nations “controlled” by the USA When these countries rebelled, they became known as “Banana Wars”

“Banana Wars” Panama Nicaragua Haiti Dominican Republic Honduras Mexico “Banana Wars”

Context of Monroe Doctrine Imperialism still strong in Europe Spain losing colonies in Western Hemisphere…

Monroe Doctrine 1823 What was said USA will respect the colonies that European countries currently have in Western Hemisphere Europe will no longer colonize new countries in Western Hemisphere USA will stay neutral in European wars If European countries try to colonize new Western Hemisphere countries, it will be viewed as hostile actions against the USA I really made it

Panama Canal & Columbia USA has backed them up vs uprisings in the past!! TR works out deal to lease 10- mile strip of land with  Columbian leg does not ratify!!! TR… No evidence TR started the revolution but he sure didn’t stop it

Canal cost $380 million and 5,600 lives Let’s build a canal!! Newly independent Panama signs treaty granting USA complete control over canal area Canal cost $380 million and 5,600 lives Strengthens USA’s power but leaves a legacy of ill will between USA and Latin America TR’s opponents said this was foul play in American politics Most Americans sided with TR though Navy and supplies can move faster in war, Make global shipping much faster

TR’s reaction to canal criticism “If I had followed traditional, conservative methods I would have submitted a dignified state paper of probably 200 pages to Congress and the debates on it would be going on yet; but I took the canal zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on the canal does also…” “If I had followed tradition, conservative methods I would have submitted a dignified state paper of probably 200 pages to congress and the debates on it would be going on yet; but I took the canal zone and let congress debate; and while the debate goes on the canal does also”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fA-pnN54uPw

Me! Who are the USA’s 2 Biggest Allies? Me!

Pictures Who dresses like this?

Roosevelt Big Stick Diplomacy Speak softly and carry a big stick (African Proverb) Roosevelt Big Stick Diplomacy 1902 – Venezuela vs GB and Germany TR pushed to act by Americans after doing nothing initially 1903 – Panama Canal 1904 – Dominican Republic in default to foreigners too TR acts fast this time with Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine USA had right to intervene in any nation in Latin America that could not manage its own affairs USA is policeman and judge for Western Hemisphere Attached to the Monroe Doctrine which forbid European involvement in the western hemisphere

Roosevelt as Peacekeeper I’m not doing this just for you!!!... 1904 Russo-Japanese War (hmmm) TR mediates peace between Russia & Japan Wins Nobel Peace Prize 1905 Moroccan Crisis déjà vu… Russia refused to surrender and Japan exhausted its resources…both are clear indicators of what will come Looks good for US To keep Asia stable and a “Open Door Policy with China”

Leftover Problems Russia Japan 1. Gentleman’s Agreement Russia Jewish American Russians angry about pogroms… Japan Anti-Japanese sentiment and discrimination in USA (CA) War threats Solution = 2. I’ll start a good-will tour... How? Japan did not want to look weak like China US used this as an excuse to build new navy America would not abolish Japanese immigration Russians-native americans

Will my successors amp up foreign policy involvement or decrease it? Farewell TR Will my successors amp up foreign policy involvement or decrease it?

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Keeps Roosevelt Corollary…with a twist… Use USA’s economic power to exert influence over other countries “substituting dollars for bullets” Use business interests to promote the USA’s diplomatic goals Not as successful Example would be the JP Morgan loan (new rail line)

Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy USA had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to a government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile “The force of America is the force of moral principle.” Diffuse situations Get us out of Philippines…not enough support Deal with China…cut off loan, impact with Japan Continuing problems with Japan…Dammit California stop it!...building anti-American sentiment Taft started tradition, Reagan changed it from stands to mound

Wilson’s “Banana Wars” Mexico, Columbia, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti… You can see why Central America doesn’t like us that much (Reagan + HW) Wilson’s “Banana Wars”