Phosphorus Fertilizer Management for Sugarbeets in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming Nana Yaw Kusi1, Abdel Mesbah1,*, Bart Stevens2, Andrew Kniss1, Jay Norton3,

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Phosphorus Fertilizer Management for Sugarbeets in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming Nana Yaw Kusi1, Abdel Mesbah1,*, Bart Stevens2, Andrew Kniss1, Jay Norton3, and Axel Garcia y Garcia1,** 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY ; 2United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Sidney, MT; 3Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY *Currently at New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center, Clovis, NM; **Currently at Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Introduction Sugarbeet is a crop with high input use, fertilizer being one of the highest. Profitable sugarbeet production depends on high root yield, high sucrose content, and high sugar yield. Root elongation has a positive correlation to sugar yields in sugarbeets (Stevanato and Saccomani, 2004). Phosphorus (P) is known to increase root growth in crops as well as increase sugar and starch production P is best applied to soils through banding (Sims, 2010). P- e3+ C2+ (Wyoming soils) Figure 1: The reaction of P in acidic and alkaline soils Figure 3: Root yield and sugar yield response to fertilizer products in the 2012 growing season. Within the same color bar, means with the same letters are not significantly different at P<0.05. Figure 4: Root yield and sugar yield response to fertilizer products in the 2013 growing season. Within the same color bar, means with the same letters are not significantly different at P<0.05. It has been reported that banding P fertilizer results in more efficient uptake than broadcasting (Anderson and Peterson, 1978). When banding P fertilizers, it is often recommended that the P application rate should be reduced by 30 to 50 % (Sims, 2010). A major factor limiting P availability in Wyoming soils is Ca, which binds P, making it unavailable to plants. P enhancers are available that when added to fertilizers, are advertised to increase their use efficiency by inhibiting the soil reactions that tie P up. Objectives Evaluate the effect of P application method (banding vs. broadcasting) and an availability enhancing product on sugarbeet response to P application rate. Evaluate sugarbeet seedling emergence response to a low salt liquid popup starter fertilizer. Table 3: Root and sugar yields response to P fertilizer rates in the 2012 growing season Table 4: Root and sugar yields response to P fertilizer rates in the 2013 growing season P rates (Kg P2O5 ha-1) Root yield (t ha-1) Sugar yield 83.84 a 14.06 a 34 86.53 a 14.46 a 67 86.08 a 14.60 a 135 85.86 a 14.50 a 202 14.44 a 269 14.41 a 336 88.32 a 14.85 a P rates (Kg P2O5 ha-1) Root yield (t ha-1) Sugar yield 58.15 a 7.08 b 34 58.35 a 67 58.71 a 7.15 ab 135 60.01 a 7.36 ab 202 61.15 a 7.44 ab 269 60.37 a 336 62.07 a 7.69 a Materials and methods Location: University of Wyoming Research and Extension Center - Powell, Wyoming. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) split plot with four replications. Main plot (105 m × 3.5 m) was fertilizer product and sub plot (15 m × 3.5 m) was fertilizer rates. Fertilizer products were liquid ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and dry monoammonium phosphate (MAP) with/without a P enhancer (Avail® - SFP, Belton, MS), and a popup starter fertilizer; Helena Nucleus O - Phos® (8-24-0). The five fertilizer products include APP + Avail® + popup; APP + Avail®; APP; MAP + Avail®; MAP. MAP (11-52-0) was broadcast on tilled plots at rates of 0, 34, 67, 135, 202, 269, and 336 kg ha-1. APP (11-37-0) was banded at a depth of 7 cm directly below, and 7 cm beside the seed row at the same rates prior to planting. For all treatments, amount of N applied with the P was deducted from sole N application so all plots received same N amount in a season. The starter fertilizer was applied at 14.42 kg ha-1 (in-furrow) at planting to one set of the banded P applications. Sugarbeet variety “Syngenta HM 9120” was planted in April and harvested in October for root yields and quality analysis. *Means with the same letters within a column are not significantly different at P<0.05. *Means with the same letters within a column are not significantly different at P<0.05. Table 5: Sugarbeet seedling emergence (standcount), root yield, and sugar yield response to popup liquid starter fertilizer in 2012 and 2013 2012 2013 Fertilizer product Standcount Plants/3m Plants/hectare Root yield (t ha-1) Sugar yield Standcount Plants/3m APP + Avail 15.1 a 90,294 a 86.31 a 14.53 a 7 b 41,176 b 59.8 b 7.36 b APP + Avail + Popup 14.8 a 88,394 a 14.47 a 12 a 70,588 a 75.17 a 9.24 a Figure 2: The sugarbeet sampling process, from field to lab Results summary … continuation Root yields among rates in 2013 were between 58 and 62 t ha-1 (Table 4). Sugar yields among rates were between 7.08 and 7.69 t ha-1 (Table 4). There were no significant differences among root yields but there were significant differences among sugar yields. The popup starter fertilizer and the non-popup treatment equally produced root yields of 86 t ha-1 and sugar yields of 14 t ha-1 in 2012 (Table 5). In 2013, the popup treatment produced a root yield of 75.17 t ha-1 and sugar yield of 9.24 t ha-1, whereas the non-popup treatment had root yield of 59.8 t ha-1 and sugar yield of 7.36 t ha-1 (Table 5). Sugarbeet standcount in 2012 was 88,394 plants/ha for the popup treatment (Table 5) and 90,294 plants/ha for the non-popup treatment. In 2013, the standcount was 70,588 plants/ha in the popup treatment and 41,176 plants/ha in the non-popup. Table 1: Effect of P source/placement and rates on the P and Zn concentrations in the sugarbeet plants in 2012 . Means with the same letters are not significantly different at P<0.05 Table 2: Effect of P source/placement and rates on the P and Zn concentrations in the sugarbeet plants in 2013. Means with the same letters are not significantly different at P<0.05 Fertilizer product Top P (%) Root P Top Zn (mg kg-1) Root Zn APP (Banded) 0.309 b 0.257 ab 23.94 a 19.0 a APP + Avail 0.319 a 0.260 a 24.91 a 18.47 a MAP (Broadcast) 0.301 b 0.243 c 24.50 a 18.9 a MAP + Avail 0.305 b 0.246 bc 25.17 a 18.5 a APP + Avail + popup 0.303 b 0.248 b 24.90 a Fertilizer rates (kg P2O5/ha) 0.296 d 0.238 de 27.67 a 19.18 a 34 0.289 d 0.237 e 26.74 ab 18.70 ab 67 0.297 d 0.243 de 25.44 bc 19.03 ab 135 0.299 cd 0.249 bc 24.94 c 19.19 a 202 0.313 bc 0.254 ab 23.33 d 18.13 b 269 0.322 ab 0.260 ab 22.72 d 18.22 ab 336 0.331 a 0.265 a 23.21 d 18.09 b Fertilizer product Top P (%) Root P Top Zn (mg kg-1) Root Zn APP (Banded) 0.404 a 0.331 a 56.88 a 26.08 a APP + Avail 0.394 a 0.332 a 57.04 a 25.00 a MAP (Broadcast) 0.340 a 56.81 a 25.96 a MAP + Avail 0.391 a 0.334 a 56.71 a 24.99 a APP + Avail + pop 0.389 a 0.319 b 59.15 a 25.26 a Fertilizer rates (kg P2O5/ha) 0.380 b 0.308 c 59.03 a 26.11 ab 34 0.382 b 0.320 bc 56.84 ab 25.74 ab 67 0.379 b 0.319 bc 58.41 a 25.12 b 135 0.385 b 0.331 ab 57.21 ab 25.35 ab 202 0.403 a 0.339 ab 56.34 ab 27.05 a 269 0.417 a 0.351 a 57.11 ab 24.69 b 336 0.420 a 0.345 a 55.21 b 25.09 b Conclusion Higher P2O5 rates corresponded to slightly higher root and sugar yields. The P enhancer was seen to have minimal to no effect on P availability based on the early season sampling analysis. Applying popup starter fertilizer may increase sugarbeet seedling emergence and yield. Banding P fertilizers increases early season plant weight in some cases. References Anderson, F., and G. Peterson. 1978. Optimum starter fertilizer placement for sugarbeet seedlings as determined by uptake of radioactive 32P isotope. J. Assoc. Sugarbeet Technol. 20(1): 19–24 Johnston, A.E., P.W. Lane, G.E.G. Mattingly, P.R. Poulton, and M.V. Hewitt. 1986. Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley, and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk. J. Agric. Sci. 106:155–167 Sims, A.L. 2010b. Sugarbeet Response to Broadcast and Starter Phosphorus Applications in the Red River Valley of Minnesota. Agron. J. 102(5) 1369–1378 Stevanato, P., and M. Saccomani. 2004. Nutrient uptake traits related to sugarbeet yield. J. Sugar Beet Tech. 41(September): 89–99 Results summary Initial soil test results of P (10 mg kg-1 in 2012, and 14 mg kg-1 in 2013) suggested that there should be a good probability (50 - 60 %) of a yield response to added P fertilizer. There were no significant differences among root yields by fertilizer products, which ranged between 86 and 87 t ha-1 in 2012 (Fig. 3), and 59 and 60 t ha-1 in 2013 (Fig. 4). Sugar yields for fertilizer products was between 14.14 and 14.80 t ha-1 in 2012, and 7.33 and 7.38 t ha-1 in 2013. Root yield among rates in 2012 were between 83 and 88 t ha-1 (Table 3), whereas sugar yields were between 14.06 and 14.85 t ha-1 (Table 3). Contact: nkusi@uwyo.edu Scan for PDF version of poster Acknowledgement: Western Sugar Coop., Justine Christman, Andi Pierson, and the summer crew of the University of Wyoming Research and Extension Center, Powell, Wyoming.