The «Territory game» A traceability of drivers and actions’ design on the maritime integrated management in the southwestern Pacific PACIfic OCean Ecosystem Analysis Anne Littaye, Banc d’Arguin National Park & GIZ/CIM, Nouakchott Sylvie Lardon, INRA & AgroParisTech, UMR Métafort, Clermont-Ferrand MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Focus on how the socio-ecological characteristics of proposal emerged PACIOCEA, PACIfic OCean Ecosystem Analysis: European flagship project, BEST, The project objective was to: “Strengthen capacities for an improved marine conservation and sustainable ocean management in the overseas countries and territories of the tropical western Pacific” Added value of a collective construction of future scenarios, through a participatory and prospective approach in perspective of the worldwide challenge: integrated management of the maritime area of the western tropical Pacific Focus on how the socio-ecological characteristics of proposal emerged Objective Socio-ecological drivers Participatory and prospective approach Benefit of the results, Decision-making PACIOCEA Region MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Context Strategic Frameworks Figure 1: Map of the study area. 33 million square km 22 countries and territories >1000 islands account for only 2% of the total area 2/3 of world tuna catches Deposits of deep mineral and rare earth High biodiversity Context Strategic Frameworks Convention on Biological Diversity, (UNEP, 2008), its Sustainable Ocean Initiative (Secretariat of the CBD, 2010), Aïchi Target 11 Pacific Oceanscape framework: Strategic Priority 3 –Action 3B – ‘explore and build marine spatial planning mechanisms for improved EEZ management to achieve economic development and environmental outcomes’ Strategic Priority 4 –Action 4A – ‘Facilitate processes that utilize existing knowledge and results to drive information acquisition and targeted capacity building for achieving policy and management objectives.’ PACIOCEA Region MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Methodological approach The method implemented was a « territory game » (Angeon and Lardon, 2003 ; Lardon, 2013) A participatory process in which participants collectively design a shared vision of the study territory. Activity Context Outputs Step 1 Groups Select information Mapping Per group 1 diagnosis map Record of discussions 2 Combine selected information 3 Imagine future scenario 1 scenario map Action to achieve scenario Action factsheet and map Plenary Fertilisation Issue 1 Issue 2 Issue 3 Assessment Consistency, coherence Direction towards a common vision Recommendations for implementation of solutions Validation of main issues 1 matrix of issues Discussions record Methodological approach MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Results: collective construction of reasoning Example 1: Diagnosis « managing an evolving Pacific landscape » Results: collective construction of reasoning Juxtapositions and superpositions, without any spatial linkage MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Results: collective construction of reasoning Example 1: Identification and priorisation of issues Results: collective construction of reasoning Issue design: by linking graphical icons Ecosystem service based  MSEAS Theme session B: Coupled ecological, economic and social process understanding of the drivers of change: methods and tools for scenario development and prediction MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Results: the socio-ecological system Catastrophic scenario : Design based on the functioning of the socio-ecological system Establishing the relationship between sociological, economical, political, and environmental elements Results: the socio-ecological system 1 Imbalance between natural, social and economic pressures and the natural functioning of the ecosystem 1 3 2 MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Collectively developed reasoning within a group Environment is taken into account by ecosystem services concept Actions Scenario Issues Diagnosis Title: Any fin is possible Intraregional resettlement of people to promote balanced population densities Local exploitation of fisheries resources Reduced pressure on the coastal and oceanic environment Main issue of the scenario issue: Increasing vulnerability of the population Maintain biodiversity as a supporting ES ensuring prospects for provisioning ES (fisheries), amenity ES (tourism) and to strengthen resilience (regulating ES) Environmental elements, such as biodiversity and refugium, coastal habitat, exploitation rate of coastal fisheries, aquaculture as alternative to fishery Eco-social resilience system Ecosystem-services concept no explicit integration of environmental processes in human actions through governance, uses and activities explicit integration of environmental elements into the issues through the concept ecosystem-services ES: Ecosystem service MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Example 2: Scenario « Pacific union » Results: the socio-ecological system Resilience and food self sufficiency through intra-regional cooperation MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Actions Scenario Issues Diagnosis Collectively developed reasoning within a group: The natural environment is taken into account through the prism of climate change and its effect on local population Actions Scenario Issues Diagnosis Title: Pacific Union Securing vulnerable population by resettlement Graduated youth work in Pacific countries Direct benefits from fisheries Main issue of the scenario: Promote local economics by intraregional resource exploitation Preserve megafauna as a main tourism attraction Adapt fisheries to the effects of natural variability Strengthen the resilience of the local population Environmental elements, such as biodiversity and refugium, coastal habitat, connectivity, MPA for conservation and good management, natural variability due to El Nino Pop CC no explicit integration of environmental processes in human actions through governance, uses and activities to strengthen population resilience explicit integration of environmental elements into the issues through the prism of climate change, CC Pop: Population CC: Climate change MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Discussion: Benefits of the approach Thresholds Drawing as a mode of expression Collective drawing, an opportunity for sharing and knowledge building. Collective work facilitates the integration of the humanities and intangible heritage. ”territory game” approach allows for traceability of reasoning. Scientific knowledge remains a necessary pillar. Acceptance of a participatory and prospective approach by scientific actors remains difficult. Participatory and prospective method requires mobilizing skills for implementation. Subjectivity of some knowledge is not measurable. From information to action •”learning by doing” allows the full involvement and accountability of participants for constructive proposals. • Exchanges give legitimacy and credibility to and evidence for potential future options. • Scientific knowledge remains a requirement for refining and evaluating actions. Analysis and interpretation of output are not formalized and require chorem reading grids Representativeness of participants influence results. However, classical method is based only on the expert choice. Action implementation Graphic and verbal output was achieved by building common reasoning. Indirect benefit could be a pillar to capacity and capability development. Difficult to promote the effective implementation of proposals. Participants when return to their professional sphere, changed their posture; the dynamic were forgotten. Difficult to link some of the initiatives and strategies. Discussion: Benefits of the approach MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016

Thank you for your attention MSEAS/ICES 2016 Brest, May 30th – June 3rd, 2016