Day 1 question What similarity did early Buddhism and early Christianity share? Support for caste hierarchy Requirement to total celibacy for men Allowance of women to enter monastic life Prohibition of conversion

Today 9/ and 9/ Chapter 2 Day 1 Practice Question Reading Quiz Lecture Exit Objective: You will be able to discuss the political structure of China and how it is connected with its religious philosophy (Theme 2 & 3)

Ancient China

Key Ideas Dynastic Cycle Centralization Bureaucracy Confucianism Discuss: What is this???? Bureaucracy Confucianism

Info Oldest River Valley Civilization Discuss: Why has the distinct Chinese identity lasted so long??? Doesn’t mean nothing ever changed Instead the identity remained stable

What is a Dynasties????? 1 2 6 3 5 4

Scope of Chinese Dynasties Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE Qin Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220AD Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD Yuan Dynasty 1279 AD - 1368 AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD 1912 – 1949 Nationalism and Communism 1949 – present Communism

The Song Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han Sui, Tang, Song Yuan, Ming, Qing, The Republic Mao Zedong

Reference Points Egypt  Neolithic, Shang Assyria  Zhou Greece  Qin Roman Empire  Han Dark Ages  Jin, Sui Charlemagne  Tang Feudalism in Europe  Song, Yuan Renaissance  Ming Industrial Revolution  Qing

General Development Ancient Classical Arises along Huanghe River Valley develops in relative isolation Strong central political organization (Shang) Advanced Technology First Classical society to develop Has the closest ties to its ancient past of all the other civilization Isolation saves them from invasion First Dynasty (Shang) sets precedents

Political (Pre-Classical) Xia Dynasty (pre-classical): Around 2200 BCE Still a lot of questions about this dynasty Founded by King Yu Shang Dynasty (pre-classical) 1766-1122 BCE Warrior Kings Moved a lot

Political (Classical) Zhou Dynasty 1029-258 BCE Longest lasting dynasty in China 1st real dynasty but not complete yet Not centralized it still had regional governments with a lot of power Development of the Middle Kingdom and Mandate of Heaven Created a unifying language: Mandarin Discuss: Why was a common language so important?

Zhou continued Developed Confucianism Beginning of the ideas of centralization When the dynasty fell it could have ended like India Discuss: HOW/WHY???? But the developing philosophies and centralization helped keep China together PLUS a strong leader takes over

Political (Classical) Qin Dynasty 258-206 BCE Shi Huangdi—First “Emperor” This is when the strong central government is created Very strict and harsh government Legalism Many innovations!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Qin Continued Shi Huangdi changed the regional control Discuss: Why did they still need regions???? Bureaucrats instead of the strong family ties Another layer in the growing centralization

How does it fit into the Dynastic Cycle?

Political Cont (Classical) Han Dynasty 206BCE – 220 CE (one of the longest and strongest) Wu Ti Continued to encourage Confucian thought This becomes stronger in Political life (centralization) Other Bureaucratic systems grew Exam system Expanded China’s territory Allowed for some trade

Confucianism Confucian ideas Gave bureaucracy a common belief system Fundamentally moral and ethical in character Restore political and social order; stress ritual Gave bureaucracy a common belief system Wrote the Analects Principle of Jen: “Do not do to others what you would not like them to do to you”

5 Relationships of Confucianism Father and Son Elder brother and younger brother Husband and wife Older friend and younger friend Ruler and subject

Discuss: How did Confucianism support Political structure? Superior men should serve not be glorified Welfare of common people Common people respect overlords Loyalty and obedience holds the society together

Daoism Prominent critics of Confucianism Laozi and Zhuangzi Understand natural principles, live in harmony with them Laozi and Zhuangzi Laozi, founder of Daoism; wrote the Daodejing Philosophical Daoism Dao - The way of nature, the way of the cosmos Opposites in balance, complementary

Legalism The doctrine of statecraft Doctrine used by Qin dynasty Promoted a practical and ruthlessly efficient approach No concern with ethics and morality No concern with the principles governing nature Discouraged art, and literature Doctrine used by Qin dynasty Called for harsh penalties even for minor infractions Not popular among the Chinese

Economic Government played an active role in the economy Standardized currency Maintained a surplus in order to control prices Trade was focused on luxury items India Silks, jewelry, leather, furniture High tax Merchants are no looked upon favorably

Social Rural or agricultural society Social stratification Emphasis on Small groups of people living far from each other within the confines of the “civilization” Social stratification Landowners and bureaucrats 2% Laborers, peasants and artisans Merchants were not good Emphasis on Family!!!!!!!!!!!! Proper behavior and obedience Patriarchal society

Intellectual/Arts Art was created in a detailed, proportional, and balanced manner Nature was emphasized Often very decorative Jade, pottery, ivory, bronze, and silk Calligraphy

Intellectuals/Art Cont Many innovations 364.5 days per year Movement of the planets Seismographs Advanced medical knowledge Acoustics Architecture Inventions Paper, compass, water mills, porcelain, silk, plows

Today 9/ & 9/ Chapter 2 Day 2 Objective: Practice Question Review Work on PERSAN Chart Primary Source work (pg 42) Exit Objective: You will be able to discuss the political structure of China and how it is connected with its religious philosophy (Theme 2 & 3)

Day 2 question Which of the following best describes how Chinese imperial elites viewed their civilization in relation to the rest of the world? China was a unique and superior civilization surrounded by barbarians of one sort or another China was an intermediary civilization whose main role was to facilitate the exchange of trade items and ideas between surrounding and more advanced societies China was one member of a peer group of advanced civilizations China was a rising civilization learning from and preparing to overtake existing world power