CHEM 106 The Periodic Table and Atoms & Nucleii

The Periodic Table View: ‪The genius of Mendeleev's periodic table Lou Serico‬ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU

Los Alamos National Lab Periodic Table (May 2016) Los Alamos National Lab http://periodic.lanl.gov/index.shtml Elements in Song http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/leher-elements.swf

Scientists Name 4 New Elements On The Periodic Table NPR (National Public Radio) June 9, 2016 Richard Gonzales

What are the names of 113, 115, 117 and 118?

The Periodic Table In Song & Fable http://chemconnections.org/general/chem106/Periodic%20Table-song%20&%20fable.htm

This particle is said to “hold” or “bond” atoms together in molecules. CHEMISTRY of the Atom FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES: Mass Charge Symbol Nucleus: PROTON 1 amu +1 H+, H, p 1.67 x 10 -27 kg NEUTRON 1 amu 0 n _________________________________________ ELECTRON very small -1 e -  2000 x smaller than a proton or neutron This particle is said to “hold” or “bond” atoms together in molecules.

CHEMISTRY of the Atom https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html

CHEMISTRY of the Atom Atoms (neutral electrostatic charge: # protons = # electrons ) # Protons = Atomic Number Atomic Mass = # Protons + # of Neutrons Isotope: same atomic number but different atomic mass (different # of neutrons) eg. hydrogen, deuterium and deuterium, or sodium below

QUESTION

Answer

Nuclear Decay / Radioactivity http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/Radioactivity.MOV Unstable nuclei “decay” i.e. they lose particles which lead to other elements and isotopes. The elements and isotopes produced may also be unstable and go through further decay.

Nuclear Decay / Radioactivity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgc28csgV0

http://chemconnections. org/general/movies/radioactivityofeverydayob http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/radioactivityofeverydayob.mov http://www.pbs.org/video/2209769748/

Radioactive Decay Lantern mantle-Thorium Fiesta Plate-Uranium Polonium- Cobalt

Nuclear Particles emitted from unstable nucleii Emitted Particles: Mass Charge Symbol alpha particle 4 amu +2 beta particle very small -1 gamma very very small 0

Nuclear Penetrating Power alpha particle: low beta particle: moderate gamma: high X-rays? Water

Number of Stable Isotopes (Nuclides) Elements 48 through 54 Atomic Number of Element Number (Z) Nuclides Cd 48 8 In 49 2 Sn 50 10 Sb 51 2 Te 52 8 I 53 1 Xe 54 9 have a higher average binding energy per nucleon than one would expect based upon predictions such as the semi-empirical mass formula and are hence more stable against nuclear decay Magic numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, or 82 protons or neutrons. Even numbers of protons and neutrons are more stable than odd.

Distribution of Stable Nuclides Protons Neutrons Stable Nuclides % Even Even 157 58.8 Even Odd 53 19.9 Odd Even 50 18.7 Odd Odd 7 2.6 Total = 267 100.0%

The ring finger hand of Mrs. Element #111. Medical X-Rays Hand mit Ringen (Hand with Rings): print of Wilhelm Röntgen's first "medical" X-ray, of his wife's hand, taken on 22 December 1895 and presented to Ludwig Zehnder of the Physik Institut, University of Freiburg, on 1 January 1896 Marie Skłodowska Curie (/ˈkjʊri, kjʊˈriː/;[2] French: [kyʁi]; Polish: [kʲiˈri]; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), born Maria Salomea Skłodowska [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska], was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris. She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Floating University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with physicist Henri Becquerel. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined[3][4][5]), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today. During World War I, she established the first military field radiological centres. First Medical X-Ray (1895) The ring finger hand of Mrs. Element #111.

CHEMISTRY of the Atom Isotopes vary in their relative natural abundance. Periodic Table’s atomic mass is a weighted average of all isotopic masses The mass of sodium, Na, element #11 is listed as 22.99 amu. Which isotope is naturally present in the larger amount: the isotope with 12 neutrons or with 13 neutrons? (There is a small percentage of the isotope with 11 neutrons.)

QUESTION Two stable isotopes of an element have isotopic masses of 10.0129 amu and 11.0093 amu. The atomic mass is 10.81. Which isotope is more abundant? A) There is insufficient information to answer the question. B) There are equal amounts of each isotope. C) The isotope with a mass of 10.0129 amu is more abundant. D) The isotope with a mass of 11.0093 amu is more abundant. Correct Answer: D Question Number: 10

Answer Two stable isotopes of an element have isotopic masses of 10.0129 amu and 11.0093 amu. The atomic mass is 10.81. Which isotope is more abundant? A) There is insufficient information to answer the question. B) There are equal amounts of each isotope. C) The isotope with a mass of 10.0129 amu is more abundant. D) The isotope with a mass of 11.0093 amu is more abundant. Correct Answer: D Question Number: 10

CHEMISTRY of the Atom Atomic Mass of Carbon: What is the “weighted” atomic mass? 12.00000 x 98.98/100 + 13.00335 x 1.011 =

CHEMISTRY of the Atom Atomic Mass of Carbon: What is the “weighted” atomic mass? 12.00000 x 98.98/100 + 13.00335 x 1.011 = 11.8776 + 0.13146 = 12.0090 12.01

K K 39 19 39 Atomic Symbols Mass number   Element Symbol Atomic number  39 K Also written as 

CHEMISTRY of the Atom Atomic Number = 6 (atom’s identity) Carbon Atomic Mass = 13 (isotope 13) 6 protons; # neutrons = 13 - 6 neutral atom has 6 electrons

QUESTION

None of the isotopes has an exact mass of 12.011. Answer