The Spanish Empire in the New World The Age of Exploration The Spanish Empire in the New World

The Cause Age of Exploration based on the desire for products from the Orient Spices (pepper) Fabrics (silk) Opiates Coffee/tea Overland route across central Asia Very expensive Controlled by Ottoman Turks (Muslims)

Christopher Columbus 1492 Christopher Columbus convinces Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain to finance an attempt to get to India by sailing west Sails in 3 ships Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria

The Voyage of Columbus 9 week voyage Landed on Santa Domingo in the Bahamas on Oct. 12, 1492 Claimed lands in the name of Spain Called natives Indians 4 voyages over next 10 years

Spanish Empire in America Spanish establish a gigantic empire in the Americas named for explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci Conquered and settled by Conquistadores

Motivations Motivated by the 3 Gs' Gold God Glory Wealth King got ½ desire to spread Catholicism Jesuit & Dominican Monks Glory fame

Cortes & Pizarro Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs of Mexico in 1520- Captured the capital of Tenochtitlan killed Montezuma Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas of Peru in 1532 Two giant vice-royalties of Mexico & Peru-ruled by a Vice Roy Created gigantic wealth for Spain in gold & silver

Other Spanish Conquistadores Father Junipero Serra- founded missions along California coast Ponce de Leon explored Florida in 1513 Fountain of Youth St. Augustine founded in 1565 oldest city in the U.S. Coronado explored the SW U.S. in 1540s looking for the Seven Cities of Gold (Cibola)

The Spanish in North Carolina Hernando de Soto led an expedition through the Southeastern U.S. (1539-42) Juan Pardo (1566-68) led an expedition to explore the Carolinas & Tenn. Fort at Joara (Morganton) Spanish founded missions in S.C. in an attempt to claim territory and convert the Indians

Effects on the Native-Americans Indians annihilated by virgin soil diseases Influenza, small pox, measles, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever 90% died 20 million to 2 million Rest became slaves for Spanish mines and plantations The Black Legend Spanish only treated the Indians cruelly (British) Discredited by modern scholarship

The Spanish Empire Small number of Spanish (200,000) ruled giant empire Based on giant estates called Ecomiendas grants of land and Indian slaves Class based system Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Indians

Pope’s (Po’pay) Rebellion Spanish established colony of New Mexico in 1598 by Juan Onate Centered at Santa Fe Native rebellion led by Pope drove out Spanish in 1680 400 Spaniards killed Tried to destroy all Spanish influences Retaken by Spanish in 1692