Radiation Symbol Radiography

SAFE STORAGE OF SOURCE Obtain legal approval to store and handle isotopes Use occupancy less area for storage Follow suggested design of storage, otherwise obtain competent approved alternative design Store radiography cameras / sources in pit in a separate storage room Keep the storage room under lock & key always Continue…

Continued. SAFE STORAGE OF SOURCE Check proper storage of source inside camera after every use. Use survey meter check radiation leakage Post Warning signs along with radiation symbol Operator shall maintain log book to record usage of the equipment

Layout Plan for Radiography Camera Store Room STORAGE OF RADIO ACTIVE CAMERA & SOURCE Layout Plan for Radiography Camera Store Room

LOG BOOK The following information to logged: Date & time of taking the source with camera Type & strength of sources Model & serial no. of camera Name of the radiographer Location of use Type & number of exposure Duration of use Date & time of return of the source with camera

Permissible Leakage Level of Camera Measurement Distance Average mR/hr Maximum 5 cm from Surface 20 100 1m from source position 2 10

Make wire fence / brick enclosure for regular radiography area. Safe Work Practices Carry out Radiography operations during No occupancy times Far away from workplace Night hours Less occupancy times Holidays Lunch Hours Make wire fence / brick enclosure for regular radiography area.

Transportation of sources Check source pencil is securely immobilized and locked in camera Inform BARC (Baba Atomic Research Centre), Mumbai, if damage to the cameras during transport, non-receipt of consignment in the reasonable time Avoid Maintenance and servicing of radiographic equipment without consulting the Radiological Safety Officer (RSO)

Safe Work Practices Cordoning the radiography area Calculate the safe cordoning distance Make barricades with warning signs Make reflective signs during night time operation Use survey meter to check radiation level at cordoned boundaries Ensure adequate illumination

Example Calculation Iridium-192 of 20 curie is used in open field of Occasional Occupancy for a period of 5 hours per week. Calculate the cordon off distance. Take Public dose limit as 2mR/week and B as 40. Cordon off distance in the direction of primary beam: D2 = (K x A x W) T / P = (500 x 20 x 5) (1/16) / 2 D = 39.5 m Cordon off distance in the directions other than primary beam direction: D2 = (K x A x W)T / (P x B) = (500 x 20 x 5) (1/16) / (2X40) D = 6.25 m

Cordon off distances for Open Field Radiography (Panoramic Exposure) (Iridium – 192) Source Strength Nature of Human Occupancy Work Load 5 hrs/week 10 hrs/week 15 hrs/week 20 hrs/week 30 hrs/week Cordon off distance (m) 5 Curie Full 37 52 66 74 93 Partial 18 26 33 36 47 Occasional 10 13 17 24 8 Curie 65 80 94 122 40 48 56 12 16 20 28 10 Curie 53 90 100 126 45 63 19 22 31

Nature of Human Occupancy Occupancy Factor for open field radiography Nature of Human Occupancy Occupancy Factor Full 1 Partial 1/4 Occasional 1/16

Safe Work Practices Ensure Following Industrial Radiography Information form (Format attached) Radiographer carries film badge / dosimeter Radiographers dose limit is below the permissible limit ( chart shown in next slide) Radiographers follows the safety instruction strictly Continue…..

Safe Work Practices Ensure Operators undergoes regular medical check up as per BARC Source is not handled by hand When source is expose it is advised to Stand behind buildings / steel / shielding materials Stay away from source of radiation Limit exposure for particular operator /day Make use of full length cable provided between radiographic equipment and the control unit / panel Operator aware about his dose records and reports of periodic medical exams Continued..

Safe Work Practices Make collimated exposure Avoid panoramic exposure Use full length camera Use suitable supporting and fastening devises Camera operation behind barriers Plan well the activities to limit exposure time. Use radiation survey meter to check the source returns to safe position

Dose Limit for adult radiography workmen Maximum Permissible Dose Limit Organ Dose Limit for adult radiography workmen (rems/Year) Dose Limit for Public Bone morrow, Eye Lens 5 0.5 Skin, Bones & Thyroid 30 3 Hands, Forearms, Feet and Ankles 75 7.5 Other Organs 15 1.5 Cumulative dose for an occupational worker can be (N-18) Rems, N is the age of the radiography workmen. On an average it shall not exceed 100 milli Rems per week, 1 ¼ Rems per calendar quarter and 5 Rems per year. 250 to 400 RADs are sufficient to make it fatal in 50% of the cases within 30 days. With 50 to 100 RADs, the skin will turn reddish and a little higher dose will make the hair fall.

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