WORLD WAR II 1939-1945

Axis Powers and Leaders

Germany Adolph Hitler Leader of ___________ political party Blamed _____ for all of Germany’s economic problems

Italy Benito Mussolini Promised a new _______ Empire

Japan Emperor Hirohito Wanted full political and economic control of Pacific Believed in _____________and military run society

Japan Prime Minister Hideki ______ Responsible for all ___________operations during the war

Allied Leaders

Great Britain Winston ____________ Great orator and leader who kept British citizens from giving up

France Charles ____________ Led opposition against Germany after they took over France

Soviet Union (Russia) Joseph Stalin ____________ – killed all people who opposed his rule or spoke against Soviet Union

Soviet Union (Russia) Did not join allies until Hitler ______________________him

CAUSES OF WWII

Axis Aggression Axis Powers wanted to gain ___________________ and political control of the World Japan invaded _______________and China to force US to recognize their dominance

Axis Aggression US refused to recognize Japan and placed _______________ of oil and steel Germany wanted to gain all lands lost after the WWI in the treaty of _________________

Axis Aggression Italy invaded ______________ in 1935 to show its dominance

Appeasement Policy of giving into ________________________pressure to avoid war Allowed Germany to recapture some lands & rebuild their military

War Breaks out in Europe

Munich Pact Hitler and Stalin sign a non-___________pact agreeing not to attack each other

_____________, 1939 Germany and Soviet Union invade _______________ after being warned not to invade by France and Great Britain Official start of World War II

US Isolationism US did not want to be involved in another ____________ War US was still going through the Great Depression

Lend-Lease Act US gave __________ supplies to Great Britain in exchange for islands in the Caribbean FDR compared it to “lending a garden __________ to a next-door neighbor whose house is on fire”.

Lend-Lease Act US used the war to end the ________________________

Battles and Strategies World War II Battles and Strategies

Axis War Strategy

Strategies - Europe ____________ – fast, lightning attacks on your enemy before they can recover Invade and conquer __________ Use German Air Force to bomb __________ __________until they surrender

Strategies - Europe Destroy ________ _________and quickly defeat Soviet Union Take complete control of _____________ before US got involved in the war

Strategies - Pacific Japan wanted full __________ and _____________ control of Pacific Felt US needed to recognize their ___________ in Pacific

Strategies - Pacific Attack US Pacific Ocean military base and then invade _________ and ___________ They thought US would rather respect them than fight a long, costly war

Pearl Harbor Dec __, 19___ Japan attacked the US military base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Destroyed US Pacific fleet of warships

Pearl Harbor Dec __ – US declared war on _________ Dec ____ – Germany and Italy declared war on ___ US now fully involved in World War II

Allied Strategy

Strategy - Europe Defeat ________ first Most US resources were sent to Europe and Africa to fight Germany and Italy Attack Hitler from _____ directions and push back toward ______________

Battles – Europe and Africa

Battle of Britain (Aug 1940) British cities were relentlessly _________ by German Air force Churchill refused to allow British citizens to _________ ____

El Alamein (Nov 1942) German forces threatening to seize _______ and the _________ Canal were defeated by the British. Importance Prevented Hitler from gaining access to Middle Eastern _____ and attacking the Soviet Union from the south. Allies got access to Germany from the ___________

Stalingrad (Sept 1942) Hundreds of thousands of German soldiers were killed or captured in the _____________ city of Stalingrad. Importance This defeat prevented Germany from seizing the ________ ________fields Allies got access to Germany from __________

Normandy (_____) June _, 19___ Allied troops under _________________ ____________ landed in German-occupied France Importance Despite intense German opposition and heavy American casualties, the Americans were able to ___________ France. Allies were able to attack Germany from the ________

V-E Day (_____, 1945) US and Russian forces closed in on Germany from all sides Adolph Hitler _________ himself before he could be captured German forces _____________, ending the war in Europe

Battles and Strategies Pt 2 World War II Battles and Strategies Pt 2

Strategy - Pacific Island ___________ seizing islands closer and closer to Japan and using them as bases for ________________on Japan cutting off Japanese ____________ through submarine warfare against Japanese shipping

Battles – Pacific Ocean

“Miracle of Midway” American naval forces defeated a much larger Japanese force as it prepared to seize Midway Island Importance The American victory ended the Japanese threat to __________ Hawaii.

Iwo Jima and Okinawa Islands were within _____________ miles of Japan Both invasions cost thousands of American lives and even more Japanese lives Heavy fighting by Japanese soldiers to protect these islands

Kamikaze Fighters Japanese soldiers who would commit ___________ rather than surrender

Iwo Jima and Okinawa Importance US could set up military _____ _______ to easier bomb Japan Made an ____________ of Japan possible

Use of the atomic bomb US did not want to invade Japan because they did not want ______ ___________ President Truman ordered the use of a new weapon called an _________ bomb

August ___, 1945 America dropped the atomic bomb on Japanese city, ________________

August ___, 1945 America dropped atomic bomb on _______________ Over 250,000 people instantly killed in both cities Thousands more died from radiation

V-J Day September _____, 1945 ____________ formally surrendered to the United States

Contributions of Minorities to Allies Minority units suffered high casualties and won numerous medals for bravery in action.

__________ Airmen Squad of _____ _____________who served with distinction in Europe No pilots were shot down during war

Nisei Regiments _________ _____________groups who worked as spies and soldiers for United States

Codetalkers ________Indians who used their language to code US messages in Pacific Japanese could not __________ intercepted US messages

Mexican Americans Fought for US in ________segregated military units Other minorities were segregated from white units

WWII – War Crimes

War Crimes During WWII, brutal crimes were committed against the ______________________by all countries involved in war Millions of innocent people were killed by random bombing, ___________________, and discrimination

Bataan Death March American POWs suffered brutal treatment by the Japanese after the surrender of the ________________in 1942. Forced to march through jungle without food or water The treatment of POW’s in the Pacific war reflected the savagery of the fighting

Holocaust

Holocaust _____________: The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group _______________: Hitler’s decision to exterminate all Jews Jews were rounded up and sent to concentration camps to be killed

Holocaust Holocaust victims: 11 million total Jews (_________________) Poles Slavs Gypsies “______________________” (homosexuals, mentally ill, political dissidents)

Nuremburg Trials Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes Emphasized individual responsibility for actions during a war, _______________ of orders received Led to increased demand for a Jewish homeland

Japanese Americans were sent to camps (prison) during the war Japanese Internment Japanese Americans were sent to camps (prison) during the war

Reasons for Internment Strong anti-Japanese prejudice on the _____________Coast False belief that Japanese Americans were aiding the enemy

Internment Japanese sued gov’t for violating their civil rights Supreme Court Case of ________________vs United States ruled US did not violate Japanese civil rights

Internment A public apology was eventually issued by the U.S. government in ___________________. Financial restitution was made to survivors

Geneva Convention Meeting in Switzerland to ensure the ____________________ treatment of prisoners of war by establishing rules to be followed by all nations “The conduct of war often reflects social and moral codes of a nation “ Set up the ______________of war for future wars

World War II On the Homefront

On the Homefront United States success in World War II required the total commitment of the nation’s __________________. Public education and the mass media promoted nationalism

United States Resources

US Resources U.S. government and industry worked together to distribute resources Office of War ________________ created to control resources

Economic Resources

Economic Resources ________________ maintained a steady supply of materials for war War bonds and _______________ tax were used for financing the war

Economic Resources Business was retooled from peacetime to ________________ production

Human Resources

Human Resources More __________________ and minorities entered the labor force Citizens volunteered in support of the war effort

Women Replaced men who went to serve in the military (e.g., ___________ the Riveter). They participated in non-combat military roles

African-Americans Double V Campaign Victory in war and victory in _____________________at home Demanded an end to segregation in military

Military Resources The _______________/selective service was used to provide personnel for the military

Role of Media and Mass Communications

Role of the Media Media and communications assisted the gov’t in supporting the war U.S. government maintained strict ________________ of reporting of the war Censorship: blocking certain materials from being published

Role of the Media Hollywood produced movies, plays, and shows that boosted morale and _________________ Portrayed the enemy in stereotypical ways

Political, economic and social consequences of the war

Legacy Of WWII Massive ______________ and death End of Allied cooperation and beginning of “____________” – political tensions

Legacy Of WWII US and Soviet Unions are only __________________ countries Atomic fallout – all countries rushed to get ____________ bomb

Legacy Of WWII US troops permanently stationed _____________ the world US will maintain a standing ____________ in peacetime

Legacy Of WWII Germany (and Berlin) divided into _________ military zones each zone controlled by one of the 4 major Allied powers