POPulation! November 2016

When did the world’s population reach… 100 million? 200 million? 1 billion? 3 billion? 6 billion? 500 B.C.E. 600 C.E. 1800 C.E. 1960 C.E. 1999 C.E.

World Population Growth

1960 vs. 1999 Each blue haired lady pictured below represents 3 billion people 1999 1960

World Population: Then and Now

Why has the world population grown so much in the last 200 years?

Percentages of people in cities--world 1800: 3% urban 1850: 6% 1900: 14% 1950: 30% 2000: 47% 2007: 50% 2014: 54% http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.URBPOP?lang=en True or False: A large % of people living in urban areas is usually a measure of a country’s level of development.

Which has more people in urban areas--developed or developing world? 8

Just for Fun: World’s Most Populous Cities? Depends on who you ask!!! (from 2011 internet searches) List #1 (all lists are in 1-10 order): Shanghai, Delhi, Karachi, Istanbul, Mumbai, Beijing, Moscow, Sao Paulo, Tianjin, Guangzhou List #2: Tokyo, Jakarta, New York, Seoul, Manila, Mumbai, Sao Paulo, Mexico City, Delhi, Osaka List #3: Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, New York City, Mumbai, Jakarta, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Osaka, Shanghai List #4: Seoul, Sao Paulo, Mumbai, Jakarta, Karachi, Moscow, Istanbul, Mexico City, Shanghai, Tokyo 9

Demographic Transition

Demographic Transition

Population Change in Mexico

Quick Recap What are the main factors that have helped people live longer and die less?

Measles Mortality Rate, USA, 1900-1987

Survivors

World Population: 1750-2005

POPULATION PROBLEMS? With population growing so fast in the last 200 years, what did many people think would run out? Who helped come up with the idea that man has a “struggle for existence?” DARWIN? SPENCER? MALTHUS!

THOMAS MALTHUS FOOD V. POPULATION!!!!

Stats That Are Often Related to Birth Rates (measured per 1000 people) Industrialization & Economic Development Education/Status of Women Availability of Quality Medical Care IMR (Infant Mortality Rate), CMR (Childhood MR) Life Expectancy @ Birth Urban vs. Rural Dwellers

Total Fertility Rate The average # of children a woman will have in her lifetime. What is the ‘replacement rate?’ 2.1!!!

Total Fertility Rate vs. Infant Mortality Rate, Sweden

Birth Rates: # of babies born per year per 1000 people From 2009

Death Rates: # of people who die per year per 1000 people From 2009

Life Expectancy at Birth: World (2012)

Total Fertility Rate (2013)

Total Fertility Rates

Total Fertility Rate (2013)

Child Mortality: Deaths Under the Age of 5 In 2012: 6,600,000 children under the age of 5 died (source: WHO.int) Leading causes of death (about 45% linked to malnutrition) Pneumonia Preterm birth complications Birth asphyxia Diarrhea Malaria Any patterns/trends?

Population Pyramids Which one is developing? Which one is developed? Which is growing?

USA Population Pyramid & the “Baby Boom” Generation

Population Pyramids of the World http://coursework.mnsfld.edu/yacovissi/Eco%20325/Population%20Pyramids/Population%20Pyramids.htm

What advantages/disadvantages does a larger world population have? Here’s one of each to get you thinking… Limited amount of resources Exponential technological growth

Quick Question Why does a fertility rate less than the replacement rate affect Japan more than Europe & (especially) the US?

What about countries w/older populations? A Few Pros (usually) Wealthy country, limited or no more population growth (helps w/ limited resources) A Major Con A poorly skewed DEPENDENCY RATIO (Why problematic?) People aged 0-14 & 65 and older/# of people aged 15-64 Before skewing poorly, countries usually receive a “DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND” for about 20-30 years after fertility rates fall but before a large # of people retire. In other words, the DD has the best dependency ratio! Examples: 4 Asian Tigers (1960s-1990s) India (2010ish-2040ish)

Dependency Ratio (economically speaking—close to 2 Dependency Ratio (economically speaking—close to 2.5 is good…close to 1 is not so good!)

Demographic Dividend Pyramid

Will the world’s population start declining? Question Will the world’s population start declining? A great article to review many of the key concepts: “About That Overpopulation Problem”

6 Demographic Charts for Review (4 are on next slide!)

Recap: What do you think? Quickly answer the Q (last name, first name) What was the most important lesson you have learned through studying population?

Extra (Just for fun) Slides Start Now! #1 - The World at Night

What is significant about this image?

What is significant about this image?

What is significant about this image?

Cartogram

Cartogram, 2030?

USA Cartogram

USA 2000 Presidential Election

Election 2000: Bush vs. Gore (Counties) Blue: Bush Red: Gore