REFORM MOVEMENTS IN UNITED STATES HISTORY

The Progressive Movement What was the Progressive Movement? a reform movement designed to improve American society to solve the problems created by industrialization targeted political, economic and social areas took some ideas from the Populists

The Progressive Movement Who were the progressives? largely middle-class citizens living in urban areas more government involvement; regulation of big business What was the progressive philosophy? When was the progressive era? 1890-1920 (some limit the time period)

The Progressive Movement How did Americans find out about the problems in society? Muckrakers – writers who exposed these problems with books and magazine articles Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (meat-packing) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (poor living conditions) Lincoln Steffens, Shame of the Cities (corruption)

The Progressive Movement What president was largely responsible for the progressive era? Theodore Roosevelt – Republican “Square Deal” – believed in honesty and fairness in business and government wanted equal opportunities for everyone “trustbuster” conservationist

The Progressive Movement What legislation was passed during the progressive movement? Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act 17th amendment Initiative Recall Referendum Safety laws (Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire in N.Y.C.)

The Progressive Movement What was the weakness of the progressive movement? Failure to address racial inequality Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. Dubois

FDR – the New Deal What happened on Oct. 29, 1929? Stock Market Crash Black Tuesday Causes of the Great Depression Crash? Overproduction of goods Buying on margin/credit

FDR – The New Deal Who was President at the beginning of the Great Depression? Herbert Hoover – believed that the economy would fix itself Encouraged businesses to be patient; do NOT lay workers off

FDR – The New Deal What was the New Deal? FDR’s plan to solve the problems of the depression JOBS, JOBS, JOBS Believed the government needed to take action to end unemployment

FDR – The New Deal How did FDR attempt to restore people’s faith in the economy? “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself” Fireside Chats Brain Trust Active first lady Three R’s – Relief Recovery Reform

FDR – The New Deal What were some New Deal programs? * Known as alphabet agencies (AAA, CCC, WPA, PWA, TVA) Bank Holiday – FDIC – SEC – Social Security -

FDR – The New Deal How successful was the New Deal? FDR did greatly reduce unemployment, but the depression did not end until the U.S. became involved in World War II

Prohibition What was Prohibition? The movement to ban the manufacture, distribution and consumption of alcohol Known as the temperance movement Largely successful due to the work of women

Prohibition Why did women fight to make alcohol illegal? Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) List reasons:

Prohibition What are the legal successes of the temperance movement? 1851 Maine became the first state to ban alcohol Volstead Act 18th amendment – made alcohol illegal Lasted from 1919-1933

Prohibition How did people break the law during Prohibition? Bootlegging Bathtub gin Speakeasies Gangsters (Al Capone)

Prohibition When did Prohibition end? 1933 (to raise money during the depression) 21st amendment – repealed the 18th amendment First beer sold after Prohibition was in Utica, NY