Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages 619-627 (June 2002) Estimation of Prostate Cancer Risk on the Basis of Total and Free Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostate Volume and Digital Rectal Examination  Patrik Finne, Anssi Auvinen, Jussi Aro, Harri Juusela, Liisa Määttänen, Sakari Rannikko, Matti Hakama, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Ulf-Håkan Stenman  European Urology  Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages 619-627 (June 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00179-3

Fig. 1 Nomograms for estimation of prostate cancer probability based on total PSA, percentage of free PSA (F/T), prostate volume, and DRE findings. The figure demonstrates the relative impact of total and free PSA, DRE findings and a prostate volume larger or smaller than 37ml. The probability estimates are based on the equation in Table 2. European Urology 2002 41, 619-627DOI: (10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00179-3)

Fig. 2 Nomograms for estimation of prostate cancer probability based on total PSA, prostate volume, and DRE. The impact of large differences in prostate volume in combination with DRE findings and total PSA is demonstrated by the nomograms. The effect of free PSA is not included in the calculation. ∗The quartiles correspond to the following prostate volumes: (1) < 28, (2) 28–36.9, (3) 37–47.9 and (4) ≥ 48ml. European Urology 2002 41, 619-627DOI: (10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00179-3)

Fig. 3 Nomogram for estimation of prostate cancer probability from prostate volume in men with a negative DRE. A large prostate volume is associated with a reduced probability of detecting prostate cancer. The probability estimates are based on a logistic regression equation including ln(total PSA), the percentage of free PSA, ln(prostate volume), and DRE findings. European Urology 2002 41, 619-627DOI: (10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00179-3)