The Parts of a Flower

Competency 1. Identify the parts of the flower and its function- addendum

Activity: Simple Recall Q & A What are flowers for? What are the parts of the flower that you know and give its function Is there a male and female part of the flower? How do flowers pollinate or fertilize?

Video presentation: Reproductive Cycle of a flower www/youtube Video presentation: Reproductive Cycle of a flower www/youtube.flowerreproductive.com/skk/lkk

Why a Flower? FLOWER – branch of stem bearing leaves specialized to carry reproduction.

Largest – Corpse Lily The corpse lily (Rafllesia arnoldii) is a parasitic plant that grows inside a vine in the grape family. It has no leaves or stems. A mature flower measures up to three feet across and weighs 15 to 25 pounds. Found in the rainforest or Borneo

. The smallest individual flowering plant is watermeal, a member of the duckweed family. The plant itself is 1/32 of an inch in width, or about the size of a pinhead. Found in the freshwaters of Austria

Parts: Floral Stalk/Twig: Peduncle –floral axis – stalk of floral cluster Pedicel – stalk of individual flowers Receptacle – tonus or thalamus – enlarged tip of floral twig.

2. Perianth/Floral Envelope sepal – calyx – outermost whorl petals – corolla – colored inner whorl parts: lamina and claw Petal: Corolla Sepal:Calyx

Calyx: the outer whorl or sepals; typically these are green, but are petal-like in some species.

Corolla: the whorl of petals, which are usually thin, soft and colored to attract animals that help the process of pollination. The coloration may extend into the ultraviolet, which is visible to the compound eyes of insects, but not to the eyes of birds.

Essentials Parts: A. Stamen – androecium – male reproductive anther – box like pollen sacs filament – stalk

Male Parts and Functions Stamen – is the male reproductive part of a flower. Anther – produces pollen grains which develop sperm. Filament – supports the Anther.

Flower Anatomy Androecium (from Greek andros oikia: man's house): one or more stamens, each with a filament topped by an anther where pollen is produced. Pollen contains the male gametes.

2.Pistil – gynoecium – female reproductive organ a.ovary – enlarged basal tip b. style – stalk arising at the ovary c. stigma – tip of the style

Female Parts and Functions Pistil – is the female reproductive part of a flower. Stigma – sticky pollen-receptive part of the pistil. Style – the stalk of the pistil down which the pollen tube grows. Ovary – contains the ovules and becomes the fruit. Ovule – becomes the seeds when sperm cells fertilize the egg cells.

Flower Anatomy Gynoecium (from Greek gynaikos oikia: woman's house): all the female parts—the pistil(s) with ovule(s) inside.

Flower Anatomy The basic unit of the female reproductive structure is the carpel. Each physcial body is called a pistil. A flower may have a single carpel, which is a simple pistil (unicarpellate), or several carpels united in one compound pistil (syncarpous), or a cluster of un-united carpels/pistils (apocarpous) The sticky tip of the pistil, the stigma, is the receptor of pollen. The supportive stalk, the style, becomes the pathway for pollen tubes to grow from pollen grains adhering to the stigma, to the ovules, containing the gametes, housed inside the ovary.

Flower Anatomy carpel fertilization carpel structure

Flower Structure Variation perfect imperfect imperfect

Flower Structure Variation Ovary Position A. ovary superior, floral parts hypogynous B. ovary inferior, floral parts epigynous C. ovary half-inferior D. ovary superior, floral parts perigynous, hypanthium cup shaped

Flower Structure Variation A flower having sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils is complete; if a flower is lacking one or more of these whorls, it is said to be incomplete. complete incomplete no stamens present = incomplete

Inflorescences An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers. It may be branched or unbranched. Modifications can involve the length, variations in the proportions, compressions, and swellings, and the order in which the flowers open. Usually the modifications have been evolved to optimize the plant’s method of pollen dispersal.

Inflorescences raceme spike corymb umbel

Inflorescences spadix head catkin

Pollination Pollination is the process in which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants. Some methods of pollination Animals (birds, reptiles, mammals) Insects (bees and butterflies mostly) Wind WATER Cross-pollination Self-pollination Is when pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant. Is when pollen from one flower pollinates the same flower of the same plant.

Steps to Flower/Plant Reproduction ***Reproduction of a plant takes place in the flower*** Pollination 1. The Anther produces pollen 2. That pollen is transferred to the stigma of itself or another flower through pollination. Fertilization 3. Pollen travels down the style to the ovary to fertilize the eggs. The eggs grow into a seed or seeds and can now reproduce.

Pollen Dispersal by Animals Bees, Beetles, Bats, Birds, Butterflies, etc…

What controls flowering????? The length of Night! During the day plants taken in light, water and nutrients needed to go through photosynthesis. Then at night it uses the glucose (food) to grow and reproduce…FLOWER.

Symmetry Flowers that are actinomorphic have "radial symmetry", meaning they can be divided into symmetrical halves by more than one longitudinal plane passing through the axis, much as a pie can be cut into several equal and identical pieces. Zygomorphic flowers are "yoke shaped” or have"bilateral” symmetry, where flowers can be divided by only a single plane into two mirror-image halves, much like a yoke or a person's face.

Dicot versus Monocot Dicot Monocot

Petals Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovule Sepal Ovary

Lab Objectives 1. Flowers are arranged in groups called inflorescences. We will examine some inflorescences particular to certain families later in the semester. For now, know what an inflorescence is and which ones we looked at today. 2. DRAW a longitudinal section of a typical flower labeling the following parts: receptacle, calyx, sepals, corolla, petals, perianth, pedicel, ovary, ovule, style, stigma, pistil, gynoecium, anther, filament, stamen, and androecium. 3. EXAMINE by dissection the floral material provided making long and cross sections of the flower and its parts. On a separate sheet of paper, SKETCH the flowers and label the parts. Then, FOR EACH FLOWER, answer the following questions: A. Is the flower actinomorphic (regular) or zygomorphic (irregular)? B. How many sepals are present? Petals? Stamens? Carpels? To count carpels, count the locules, styles, style branches, and/or the zones of placentation by cross- sectioning the ovary. C. Is the ovary inferior or superior? D. Is the flower from a monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous plant? E. Is the flower perfect (both sexes present) or imperfect? Complete (all four floral whorls) or incomplete?