Introduction Forensic science begins at the crime scene.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction Forensic science begins at the crime scene.

What is Forensic Science? …..applies the knowledge and technology of science for the definition and enforcement of criminal and civil law. ……encompasses many scientific disciplines e.g.. Chemistry, biology, physics, geology etc. Role of the criminalist must supply accurate and objective information that reflects the events that occurred at the crime.

A crime scene ready for analysis

Organization of a crime lab. 4 major federal crime labs. 1. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Dept. of Justice). 2. Drug Enforcement Administration Laboratories (Dept. of Justice). 3. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (Dept. of Treasury). 4. U.S. Postal Inspection Service.

Services of a Crime Lab. Physical Services Unit Biology Unit Firearms Unit Document Examination Unit Photography Unit

Optional Services 6. Toxicology Unit 7. Latent Fingerprint Unit 8. Polygraph Unit 9. Voiceprint Analysis Unit 10. Evidence Collection Unit

Other specialized forensic science services. Pathology Anthropology Entomology Psychiatry Odontology Engineering Pathology – time of death and manner of death Manner of death// 1. Natural//2. Homicide//3. Suicide//4. Accident// 5. undetermined/. Time of death// potassium in ocular fluid. Algor mortis//decrease temp…1-1.5 degree per hour. Rigor mortis//1st 24 hours Livor mortis//o-12h after death Psychiatry//relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings…competent for trial. Engineering//failure analysis//accident and fire causes//explosions.

Functions of a Forensic scientist. Apply the principles of the natural and physical sciences to analysis of many types of evidence recovered from a crime scene. Provide expert testimony in court. Participate in training of law enforcement personnel in the proper recognition, collection and preservation of physical evidence. Expert witness// evaluate evidence based on specialized training and experience. The expert will then express n opinion as to the significance of his/her findings.

Admissibility of Evidence Frye v. United States Decision set the guidelines for determining admissibility of scientific evidence Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. US Supreme court ruled that Frye Standard is not an absolute requirement. Trial judges are ultimately responsible as “gatekeepers” for admissibility and validity of evidence. Scientific testing must be “generally accepted” by the scientific community.