Classical Civilisation AS From villages to a World Empire

Useful fictions Aeneas Family values Respect for parents Respect for the gods Sacrifice for Rome

The Tiber How significant is the Tiber? Rume

Seven Hills of Rome Look closely at the Tiber

Romulus and Remus Mars Rhea Sylvia She wolf Roma Foundation Myth

Etruscan Origins Why the truth does not fit…

7 Kings Romulus Numa Pompilius Tullius Hostilius Ancius Marcius Tarquinas Priscus Servius Tulius Tarquinius Superbus http://www.roman-empire.net/kings/kings-index.html

Rome and Italy Conqueror? Patricians Equines Plebians Citizens The deal

Roma and Carthage Why Hannibal didn’t win… ‘Hannibal ante portas’

Rome and Greece Money, money, money The dependency culture

Rome’s internal struggle The Gracchi -Populares and Optimates Marcus Livius Drusus

The Social War 91BC-88BC Rome loses battles but wins wars Lex Julia Lex Plautia Papiria Roman citizenship The rise of Sulla and Marius

The Roman Consititution The Government

Cursus Honorum Military Tribune –basic military command experience Questor –financial oversight and oversight of the games Aedile –temples, public buildings, water, markets, organising ludi Praetor –judges, in charge of Rome’s garrison Propraetor –after Praetor then governed a province Consul –commanded large scale armies, controlled political agenda Governor- ex consuls governed the most important provinces Censor –constructing public buildings, senate membership, citizenship qualifications Plebian Tribune –sacrosanct, rights of veto and presenting legislation Princeps Senatus –honorary position in senate, first to speak Dictator –temporary absolute ruler in a crisis, appointed by senate

Marius 157BC-86BC Hero of the People 7 times consul Reforms army Populares Step-uncle of Julius Caesar

Sulla 138BC-78BC Optimes The Social War The first civil war Proscriptions Reforms Dictatorship Retiral

‘I am Spartacus!’ c109BC-71BC Thracian slave, soldier, gladiator The Third Servile War Slavery Roman Entertainments Political Importance

Patrons and Clients Caesar increases the games to 14 days

Ludi and munera How the games became political… Manes and munus Ludi and munera How the games became political…

How many could the circus hold? The greens, the reds, the blues, the whites…

Crassus Mr Money

Cato the Elder Censor

Pompey The Great

Julius Caesar Dictator for life Wore red shoes

Cicero Our Hero

Cicero in the Senate Attacking Cataline

Antony, Cleopatra and Octavian/Augustus

The Twelve Caesars Tzars and Kaisars Julius Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian

The Good Emperors Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius

Anarchy and Civil War Maximus to Diocletian Two Augusti and Two Caesars ‘In hoc signo’ Constantine Julian Decline and Fall

Two Empires Popes, Goths, Vandals, Huns and Saxons