A3: Perception of Stimuli

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E2 – Perception of stimuli

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A3: Perception of Stimuli Use your IB book ~ Option E Chapter along with this PowerPoint to complete the A3 reading/handout guide Info taken from: BioNinja HL Biology 2nd Edition, Daman, McGongegal, Tosto & Ward

Eye Functions Iris: Regulates the size of the pupil Pupil: Admits light Retina: Contains receptors for vision Aqueous Humor: Transmits light rays and supports the eyeball Vitreous Humor: Transmits light rays and supports the eyeball Rods: allow black and white vision in dim light Cones: allow color vision in bright light Fovea: Area of densely packed cone cells where vision is most accurate Lens: Focuses the light rays Sclera: Protect and supports the eyeball Cornea: focusing begins here Choroid: Absorbs stray light Conjunctiva: covers the sclera and cornea and keeps the eye moist Optic Nerve: transmits impulses to the brain Eye Lid: Protects the eye

Vision Pathway in the Retina Rods and cones receive light stimulus Rods and cones synapse with the bipolar neuron Bipolar neuron carries the impulse to the ganglion cell The ganglion cell is located in the optic nerve The optic nerve carries the impulse to the brain

The Ear

Transmitting and Amplifying Sound -The bones of the middle ear receive vibrations from the tympanic membrane. Vibrations are multiplied. -The stapes strikes the oval window causing it to vibrate. -The vibration is passed to the fluid in the cochlea. -The fluid in the cochlea causes sensory hair cells to vibrate. -The hair cells release neurotransmitter across the synapse to the auditory nerve. -Vibrations are transformed into nerve impulse -nerve impulse is transmitted to the brain by the auditory nerve