East Meets West The Crusades

The Crusades: Causes European Expansionism Agricultural advances increase food supply Capture of major areas by Muslims

Call for a Crusade Urban II calls for Crusade, 1095 Objectives Drive Turks from Anatolia Provide occasion for healing Great Schism on Rome's terms Capture Holy Land

Pope Urban II Preaching a Crusade

Major Events of Crusades I Crusade 1097-1098 Achieves all major objectives in Holy Land Turkish threat halted, though not eliminated

Major Events of Crusades II Crusade, 1147-1148 Military failure, discredits Crusaders as military threat III Crusade, 1189-1191 Well-known in literature (Robin Hood)

Major Events of Crusades IV Crusade, 1199-1204 Crusaders sack Constantinople, 1204 Chance to heal Great Schism utterly lost.

Crusades died out Lack of interest, rising European prosperity Repeated military defeats Discredited by "crusades" against Christians

Effects of Crusades Vast increase in culture for many Europeans. Stimulated Mediterranean trade. Led to development of banking techniques. Rise of the use of coats of arms Romantic and imaginative literature.

Effects of Crusades Knowledge introduced to Europe Heavy stone masonry, construction of castles and stone churches. Siege technology, tunneling, sapping. Muslim minarets adopted as church spires Weakening of nobility, rise of merchant classes Europe was greatly influenced by the “East”, but had little to give in return.