Objective~ Understand

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Presentation transcript:

Objective~ Understand THE BERLIN WALL 1961-1989 Lecture~ 2 Objective~ Understand why the USSR put up the Berlin Wall

A divided country Allies divided Germany & Berlin into four sectors Stalin won’t leave France, Britain & U.S. joined sectors unifying Western Germany Soviets and U.S. become suspicious of each others actions

Clash in Berlin Stalin forced to lift blockade Stalin Blocked Eastern Berlin from all supplies *Berlin Blockade U.S. responded with Berlin airlift dropped food and supplies into east Berlin 327 days Stalin forced to lift blockade (food, fuel, medicine, mail & Christmas gifts) 277,000 flights brought 2.3 million tons of supplies

Stalin dies in 1953 replaced by Nikita Khrushchev Khrushchev puts up wall

Why the Wall? East – West rivalry WEST: Democratic prosperous (Marshall Plan) attracted people from the East EAST: Much less prosperous, Communist control/dictatorship Why the Wall? To stop the movement of people from the East to the West

Movement of Berliners from East to West 1949- 129,245 1951- 165,648 1953- 331,390 1955- 252,870 1957- 261,622 1959- 143,917 1961- 207,026 (Berlin Wall) 1962- 21,356 1963- 42,632 1964- 41,876 *Movement between east and west drop after Berlin Wall is built

*Berlin was divided: free access ended, families split *Pres. Kennedy refused to use US troops to pull down the wall US had protected W Berlin and never promised to protect E Berlin, 160 died trying to cross Wall, 120 were injured

Total length: 96 miles Concrete wall: 11-13ft. high Anti-vehicle trenches: 65 # of watch towers: 302 Bunkers: 20

Nov 9, 1989 *Torn down because of protests and Mikhail Gobechev’s reforms The Fall of the Berlin Wall will always be used as a symbol for the end of the Cold War Travel restrictions are lifted. More than 10,000 East Germans cross the border to West Berlin. Mass celebrations last for days. People break pieces – even chunks – off the wall.

The Cold War Unfolds Due Today

Vocabulary 490-493 or lecture Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Containment Warsaw Pact Iron curtain NATO Berlin Wall Berlin Airlift

U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Warsaw Pact U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania NATO United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain

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