Early American Settlements Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth Early American Colonization Essential Question: What political, economic, religious, and social reasons led to the establishment of the early settlements?

Roanoke The Lost Colony

Roanoke Queen Elizabeth I hoped to establish the first English colony in the new world (America). In 1587, 117 colonists arrived on Roanoke Island in N. Carolina Lead by John White That same year, he returned to England to get supplies He put Sir Walter Raleigh in charge

Roanoke Island They weren’t prepared. It had a poor climate It was swampy, humid, and insect infested It offered little protection from the surrounding Natives (Croatan) The native population was resentful of the settlers’ demands for food and labor The settlers were basically ignored by the British government while they were fighting Spain in Europe.

Lost Colony of Roanoke 1590, John White returned Roanoke Island was abandoned. All traces of the English settlers had vanished, except for the mysterious word CRO, carved into a tree trunk. The fate of the people remains a mystery.

The first permanent English speaking colony. Jamestown The first permanent English speaking colony.

In 1607, The Virginia Company of London sent 144 men to set up a colony in the new world.

Virginia Company of London Wanted to establish colony for England Wanted to make money Sent 3 ships to the new world

They had three conditions for where they wanted the men to settle: 1. Be sure that your location is defendable from Spain. 2. Bring copper and blue glass beads to trade with the Indians for food. 3. Go 50 miles inland or settle on an island, and make sure that you are on a water front.

The Powhatan Indians were already living on the land.

The settlers worked under the command of Governor John Smith to build a village. He established the rule that if you don’t work., you don’t eat!

Native Relationship John Smith’s relationship was hit and miss. The food soon ran out. The settlers arrived during the worst drought in 700 years. The settlers relationship with the Powhatan soured. John Smith’s relationship was hit and miss. Pocahontas saves John Smith and helps rebuild a good relationship with Jamestown. She ends falling in love. http://tinyurl.com/ne4rk2f John Rolfe Comes to Jamestown arrives in 1610 Plants tobacco seeds Turn into a mini fortune. Others follow and plant tobacco Turns into the first cash crop.

The time between 1607 and 1610 becomes known as The Starving Time Disease and starvation spread throughout the colony quickly. Relations with the Powhatan were bad and colonists that ventured out to find food were killed by the Powhatan.

Starving Time They were essentially trapped in the fort. Colonists resorted to eating horses, dogs, snakes, rats and even shoe leather to survive. 1610, there were only 60 people left. Only 1 in 8 survived!

Virginia House of Burgesses In 1619, the first representative government in the New World was held in the Jamestown church. Representatives from 11 plantations came to the assembly. It was the first meeting of the Virginia House of Burgesses.

Representative Government A government BY the people FOR the people Democracy/Republicanism Influenced by: Magna Carta 1215 limited the power of the king Glorious Revolution 1688 – William and Mary overthrow King James and make new laws that were more kind to the people of England. English Bill of Rights – gave more rights to English citizens Age of Enlightenment 1620-1780 John Locke – unalienable rights (rights that cannot be taken away.

For over 90 years, Jamestown was the seat of government in the Colonies. Virginia was the largest colony. In 1699, the colonists decided to permanently move the government headquarters to Williamsburg.

Plymouth, Massachusetts The Mayflower and the Pilgrims

Plymouth, Massachusetts In 1620, A group of Puritans, known as Separatists, seeking religious freedom from the Church of England set out for America. They traveled on a ship that contained a few other settlers that were not Puritans.

Pilgrims Arrive! The ship was originally headed for Virginia, but instead landed in Massachusetts. November 11, 1620 they arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Mayflower Compact When they realized they were not going to be landing in Virginia (where they originally planned), they realized they would need a government that allowed the Puritans and the non-Puritans to work together in harmony. Created a SOCIAL contract, agreeing to follow the rules for the survival of the colony. It was a form of government for the new colony.

Mayflower Compact Led by William Bradford Signed on the Mayflower ship Signed by the adult MEN.

Thanksgiving! Many native tribes lived in the area. Some taught the Pilgrims how to grow food and to hunt and fish. In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims held a harvest feast to thank the natives. This was the first “Thanksgiving” celebration.

Success Although they struggled, their colony survived. The Mayflower Compact became the basis for the government in their colony.

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