TRI-CO. YOUNG FARMERS MARCH 7, 2002 WEED IDENTIFICATION TRI-CO. YOUNG FARMERS MARCH 7, 2002 Original Power Point Created by Joey Wells Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office June 2002
A weed is a plant out of place. WHAT IS A WEED? A weed is a plant out of place.
WHAT EFFECTS DO WEEDS HAVE ON US TODAY?
WEEDS LOWER THE YIELD OF CROPS - COMPETE FOR WATER, NUTRIENTS, LIGHT, AND SPACE. ONE WILD MUSTARD PLANT USES AS MUCH N & P AS TWO OAT PLANTS ONE PIGWEED PLANT MAY USE AS MUCH WATER AS A CORN PLANT
WEEDS LOWER THE QUALITY OF CROPS - WEEDS AFFECT THE QUALITY OF HAY AND GRAIN USED FOR LIVESTOCK MILK WILL TASTE LIKE WILD GARLIC OR BITTER SNEEZEWEED IF EATEN WEEDS CAN STAIN THE LINT OF COTTON
WEEDS INTERFERE WITH CROP HARVEST - CAUSES DELAYS AND GREATER HARVEST LOSS. GRAIN MAY NEED DRYING IF HEAVILY INFESTED BY WEEDS
THE LIFE CYCLE OF WEEDS
THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF WEEDS BASED ON THEIR LIFE CYCLE SUMMER ANNUALS WINTER ANNUALS BIENNIALS PERENNIALS
SUMMER ANNUALS GERMINATE IN THE SPRING AND DIE IN THE FALL AFTER THE FIRST FROST SEEDS MATURE AND SCATTER MOST LIE DORMANT UNTIL SPRING EXAMPLES – MORNING GLORY, PIGWEED, COCKLEBUR, AND CRABGRASS
WINTER ANNUALS GERMINATE IN THE FALL OR WINTER PRODUCE SEED IN THE EARLY SUMMER AND THEN DIE SEEDS LIE DORMANT DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS EXAMPLES – WILD MUSTARD, CHICKWEED, AND HENBIT
BIENNIALS PRODUCE VEGETATIVELY FROM SEED THE FIRST SEASON BECOME DORMANT OVER THE WINTER PRODUCE FLOWERS AND SEED THE SECOND SEASON EXAMPLES – MUSK THISTLE, WILD CARROT, AND COMMON MULLEIN
PERENNIALS LIVE FOR THREE OR MORE YEARS MOST PRODUCE SEED EACH YEAR AFTER ESTABLISHMENT DIVIDED INTO THREE CLASSES ON THE BASIS OF REPRODUCTION SIMPLE PERENNIAL BULBOUS PERENNIAL CREEPING PERENNIAL
SIMPLE PERENNIAL REPRODUCE PRIMARILY BY SEED EXAMPLE - DANDELION
BULBOUS PERENNIAL PROPAGATE BY BULBS OR BULBLETS AS WELL AS BY SEED EXAMPLES – WILD ONION AND WILD GARLIC
CREEPING PERENNIAL PROPAGATE BY MEANS OF RHIZOMES (UNDERGROUND STEMS), STOLONS (ABOVE GROUND STEMS), OR SPREADING ROOTS OR TUBERS, AS WELL AS BY SEED. EXAMPLES – JOHNSONGRASS > RHIZOMES AND SEED; BERMUDA GRASS > RHIZOMES, STOLONS, SEED
CARPETWEED
REDROOT PIGWEED
SPINY AMARANTH
POISON IVY
HONEYVINE MILKWEED
BUTTERFLY MILKWEED
TRUMPETCREEPER
JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE
CORN COCKLE
HEARTLEAF DRYMARY
MOUSEEAR CHICKWEED
COMMON CHICKWEED
COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS
ASIATIC DAYFLOWER
HEMP DOGBANE
BRISTLY STARBUR
COMMON YARROW
COMMON RAGWEED
GIANT RAGWEED
MAYWEED CHAMOMILE
WHITE HEATH ASTER
SPANISHNEEDLES
CORNFLOWER
BLESSED THISTLE
ECLIPTA
ANNUAL FLEABANE
HORSEWEED
DOGFENNEL
HAIRY GALINSOGA
CUDWEED
BITTER SNEEZEWEED
CAMPHORWEED
PRICKLY LETTUCE
CAROLINA FALSE DANDELION
GROUNDSEL
GOLDENROD
SOWTHISTLE
DANDELION
COMMON COCKLEBUR
DICHONDRA
FIELD BINDWEED
DODDER
BIGROOT MORNINGGLORY
TALL MORNINGGLORY
CYPRESSVINE MORNINGGLORY
SMALLFLOWER MORNINGGLORY
WILD MUSTARD
SHEPHERDSPURSE
SWINECRESS
VIRGINIA PEPPERWEED
CITRONMELON
WILD CUCUMBER
BURCUCUMBER
YELLOW NUTSEDGE
PURPLE NUTSEDGE
VIRGINIA COPPERLEAF
WOOLLY CROTON
TROPIC CROTON
SPOTTED SPURGE
REDSTEM FILAREE
CAROLINA GERANIUM
BROOMSEDGE
BROADLEAF SIGNALGRASS
BERMUDAGRASS
CROWFOOTGRASS
LARGE CRABGRASS
BARNYARDGRASS
GOOSEGRASS
LITTLE BARLEY
FIELD SANDBUR
TORPEDOGRASS
TEXAS PANICUM
VASEYGRASS
ANNUAL BLUEGRASS
FOXTAIL
JOHNSONGRASS
SMUTGRASS
HENBIT
FLORIDA BETONY
PARTRIDGE PEA
SICKLEPOD
SHOWY CROTALARIA
FLORIDA BEGGARWEED
KUDZU
HEMP SESBANIA
WINTER VETCH
WILD GARLIC
ROUNDLEAF GREENBRIAR
PRICKLY SIDA
CUTLEAF EVENINGPRIMROSE
PRICKLYPEAR
YELLOW WOODSORREL
MAYPOP PASSIONFLOWER
COMMON POKEWEED
BRACTED PLANTAIN
BUCKHORN PLANTAIN
BROADLEAF PLANTAIN
KNOTWEED
PENNSYLVANIA SMARTWEED
RED SORREL
REDVINE
CURLY DOCK
BROADLEAF DOCK
EASTERN BRACKENFERN
COMMON PURSLANE
BUTTERCUP
BLACKBERRY
POORJOE
FLORIDA PUSLEY
WITCHWEED
COMMON MULLEIN
JIMSONWEED
SMOOTH GROUNDCHERRY
HORSENETTLE
SILVERLEAF NIGHTSHADE
BLACK NIGHTSHADE
WILD CARROT
PROSTRATE VERVAIN
BLUE VERVAIN
PEPPERVINE