Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the 36,636 Study Subjects

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Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the 36,636 Study Subjects From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 1. A, Comparison of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group versus the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) and coronary care unit (CCU) admissions, and death. B, Comparison of the TIV-alone group and the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, ICU and CCU admissions, and death. C, Comparison of the PPV-alone group and the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, ICU and CCU admissions, and death. Adjusted factors were sex and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbidity. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 1. A, Comparison of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group versus the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) and coronary care unit (CCU) admissions, and death. B, Comparison of the TIV-alone group and the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, ICU and CCU admissions, and death. C, Comparison of the PPV-alone group and the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, ICU and CCU admissions, and death. Adjusted factors were sex and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbidity. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 1. A, Comparison of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group versus the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) and coronary care unit (CCU) admissions, and death. B, Comparison of the TIV-alone group and the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, ICU and CCU admissions, and death. C, Comparison of the PPV-alone group and the unvaccinated group for hospitalization, ICU and CCU admissions, and death. Adjusted factors were sex and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbidity. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 2. Overall cumulative survival of the 4 groups of patients after vaccination. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIV-alone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 2. Overall cumulative survival of the 4 groups of patients after vaccination. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIV-alone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 3. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for pneumonia Figure 3. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for pneumonia. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIValone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 5. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for myocardial infarction. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIV-alone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 6. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for heart failure Figure 6. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIValone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 7. Cumulative incidence of admission to coronary care unit Figure 7. Cumulative incidence of admission to coronary care unit. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIV-alone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 9. A, Comparison of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the TIV-alone group for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) and coronary care unit (CCU) admissions, and death. B, Comparison of the PPV-TIV group and the PPV-alone group for hospitalization, ICU and CCU admissions, and death. Adjusted factors were sex and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbidity. From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 8. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for admission to intensive care unit. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIV-alone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Table 2. Comparison of the Frequency of Hospitalization for the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV)-Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) Group versus That for the Unvaccinated, TIV-Alone, and PPV-Alone Groups From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 4. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for ischemic stroke Figure 4. Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for ischemic stroke. The figure compares the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)-trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) group with the unvaccinated, TIV-alone, and PPV-alone control groups (P<.001, by the log-rank test). From: Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke among Elderly Persons by Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1007-1016. doi:10.1086/656587 Clin Infect Dis | © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America