The Civil Rights Movement Ch. 24 http://www.africanamericans.com www.crmvet.org www.crmvet.org

Reconstruction The 13th Amendment freed the slaves The 14th Amendment extended citizenship, guaranteed all citizens with equal protection and due process of law. The 15th Amendment said the right to vote shall not be denied on the basis of race.

“Jim Crow” “Jim Crow” was a minstrel character from the 1830’s.He was portrayed as an elderly, crippled and clumsy African American slave and his portrayal showed all the negative stereotypes of African Americans.

Dallas Bus Station

Jim Crow Laws

Texas sign

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws

The Civil Rights Movement The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 had established the separate but equal doctrine States that did not institute Jim Crow laws often had de facto segregation—by custom and tradition http://www.americaslibrary.gov

Brown vs. Board of Education 1954

The Civil Rights Movement NAACP challenged segregation by using the courts Brown v. Board of Education: ruled segregation in public schools was unconstitutional as it violates equal protection clause of the 14th amendment http://www.nathanielturner.com

http://www.africanaonline.com/Graphic/rosa_parks_bus.gif While the NAACP fought in the courts, MLK’s organization led the boycott.

Martin Luther King Jr.

King’s sacrifice King was arrested thirty times in his 38 year life. His house was bombed or nearly bombed several times Death threats constantly

The Civil Rights Movement Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led the group—followed philosophy of nonviolent resistance http://www.drmartinlutherkingjr.com

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for violating the segregation laws of Montgomery, Alabama.

In Response. . . For over a year, Blacks boycotted the buses. They carpooled and walked through all weather conditions

March on Washington 1963

The event was highlighted by King's "I Have a Dream" speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial. August 28, 1963.

“Tides of Change”

“WE SHALL OVERCOME”

The Civil Rights Movement The Southern Christian Leadership Conference set out to eliminate segregation from American society and to encourage African Americans to register to vote http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org http://www.1960s.org

The Civil Rights Movement The organization founded by student civil rights activists was SNCC SNCC’s Voter Education Project focused on rural areas of the Deep South http://www.olemiss.edu

LBJ & MLK signing Civil Rights Act, 1965 Johnson Years LBJ & Civil Rights LBJ & MLK signing Civil Rights Act, 1965

LBJ signs the Civil Rights Act as Martin Luther King watches CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 In July of 1964, LBJ pushed the Civil Rights Act through Congress The Act prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion or national origin, and granted the federal government new powers to enforce the law LBJ signs the Civil Rights Act as Martin Luther King watches

"By the way, what's the big word?" VOTING RIGHTS ACT 1965 Part of the Civil Rights Act was to insure voting rights for all Americans The act prohibited literacy tests or other discriminatory practices for voting The act insured consistent election practices "By the way, what's the big word?"

Black Power & Racial Violence Rise of Black Power After 1965, MLK’s ideas about integration & nonviolence was obsolete for many young blacks. Black Separatism Called for the separation of the races in America by occupying an exclusive area of land in the U.S. supplied by the federal govt. Nation of Islam (black Muslim movement) most notable and well-organized Black U.S. athletes at 1968 Olympic games

Black Power & Racial Violence Malcolm X Most vocal and brilliant orator of Nation of Islam Preached religious justification for black separatism & furthering of black rights through "any means necessary." Advocated use of weapons for self-defense believing nonviolence encouraged white violence Many in the white community were alarmed Malcolm X’s ideas became foundation for Black Power movement later in the decade.

Black Power & Racial Violence Stokely Carmichael & the Black Panthers Carmichael later became a leader of the Black Panthers, based in Oakland, and founded by urban revolutionaries Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. Revolutionary social movement to organize African American men in northern and western cities to fight for liberation. In effect, became a para-military organization to protect blacks from white violence (e.x: police brutality) Stokely Carmichael