Fig. 1. Architectural limitations (dark grey area) and functional limitation (light grey filled with forward diagonal lines) of canopy photosynthesis rate.

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Fig. 1. Architectural limitations (dark grey area) and functional limitation (light grey filled with forward diagonal lines) of canopy photosynthesis rate under (A) 25 mm NaCl and (B) 50 mm NaCl conditions (n = 3, each replication represents the average value of 10 simulations). Black circles represent canopy photosynthesis under non-stressed conditions (P<sub>c,0</sub> in eqn 8); grey rhombuses represent photosynthesis rate of a canopy with architecture under stress but non-stressed photosynthetic capacity (P<sub>c,ax</sub> in eqn 8); black squares represent photosynthesis of the stressed canopy (P<sub>c,x</sub> in eqn 8). From: High light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity Ann Bot. Published online September 19, 2017. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx100 Ann Bot | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Fig. 2. Architectural limitations (A, L<sub>A,x</sub> in eqn 8) and functional limitation (B, L<sub>F,x</sub> in eqn 8) of canopy photosynthesis rate under 25 mm NaCl (closed symbols) and 50 mm NaCl (open symbols), calculated from Fig. 1. The inset in A shows the relationship between architectural limitation and reduction in leaf area. The solid line in the inset represents a 1^:^1 line. From: High light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity Ann Bot. Published online September 19, 2017. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx100 Ann Bot | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Fig. 3. Influence of salinity on (A) light interception efficiency (eqn 9A, unitless) and (B) light use effiency (eqn 9B, µmol CO<sub>2</sub> mmol<sup>−1</sup> photon). The light grey dashed line in B represents the daily average light environment outside the greenhouse condition, which was used for simulation. The inset in A shows the relationship between architectural limitation and reduction in light interception efficiency (n = 3, each replication represents the average value of 10 simulations). The solid line in the inset represents a 1^:^1 line. From: High light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity Ann Bot. Published online September 19, 2017. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx100 Ann Bot | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Fig. 4. Simulated dependencies of architectural and functional limitations (L<sub>A,x</sub> and L<sub>F,x</sub> in eqn 8, respectively) to light environment above the canopy on (A) 14, (B) 21, (C) 28 and (D) 35 d after salinity treatments. Closed symbols and open symbols represent 25 and 50 mm NaCl salinity, respectively. All values represent the average from three replicates. From: High light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity Ann Bot. Published online September 19, 2017. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx100 Ann Bot | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Fig. 5. Changes of (A) stomatal, (B) mesophyll, (C) biochemical and (D) light limitation with leaf rank and salinity level in the nutrient solution (circles, reverse triangles and squares represent additional 0, 25 and 50 mm NaCl in the nutrient solution, respectively) on day 21 after exposure to salinity (n = 3, each replication represents the average value of 10 simulations). Photosynthetically active radiation above the canopy was assumed to be 360 µmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The leaves with higher leaf rank were the younger leaves in the canopy. From: High light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity Ann Bot. Published online September 19, 2017. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx100 Ann Bot | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Fig. 6. Dependencies of (A) stomatal, (B) mesophyll, (C) biochemical and (D) light limitation to light environment above the canopy under different salinity levels (circles, reverse triangles and squares represent additional 0, 25 and 50 mm NaCl in the nutrient solution, respectively) on day 21 after exposure to salinity, leaf rank = 15 (n = 3, each replication represents the average value of 10 simulations). Similar dependencies of other leaf ranks can be found in Supplementary Data Fig. S5. From: High light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity Ann Bot. Published online September 19, 2017. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx100 Ann Bot | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Fig. 7. Simulated canopy stomatal (A), mesophyll (B), biochemical (C) and light (D) limitations between days 0–35 after exposure to salinity (n = 3, each replication represents the average value of 10 simulations). Photosynthetically active radiation above the canopy was assumed to be 360 µmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. From: High light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity Ann Bot. Published online September 19, 2017. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx100 Ann Bot | © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.