Correlation between underwater noise level and AIS data in the Gulf of Catania (Sicily) Sara Pulvirenti spulvirenti@lns.infn.it Erice International School of Ethology CETACEAN ECOLOCATION – OUTER SPACE NEUTRINOS Erice, Sicily (Italy) – October 18 - 21, 2013

INGV geophysical sensors Titolo Argomento SN1-EMSO and EMSO - SMO The SMO acoustic antenna works in synergy with smaller-size detectors that have been placed in the LNS submarine site offshore Catania, in the framework of the EU project EMSO (see Francesco Simeone and Paolo Favali presentations). Installed at 2100 m depth INGV SN1-EMSO 4 SMID hydrophones (96 kHz/24bit) + INGV geophysical sensors CATANIA 5 km LNS Test Site Laboratory at the port of Catania 20 km 5 km POWER FRAME INFN - LNS EMSO - SMO 4 SMID hydrophones (192 kHz/24 bit) Installed at 2100 m See at http://www.emso-eu.org Erice, 18/10/2013 1 Sara Pulvirenti

Seismic SMID Hydrophone DT-405D(V)1 Sensitivity curves: High Gain Channel + 60 dB Low Gain + 30 dB Sampling frequency of 2 kHz Hydrophone Dimensions 89x150 nm Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 2

Acoustic data – Statistical analysis in 1/3 octave bands Available data Set: 2012/06 – 2013/05. Analysed data set: 2012/09 – 2013/02 Continuous recordings divided in files of 10 minutes. Average power spectral density (Nfft =2^14) calculated for each file - 1/3 octave bands. PRELIMINARY YIELDS 26050 Recordings (10’) Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 3

Acoustic data – Statistical analysis in 1/3 octave bands Available data Set: 2012/06 – 2013/05. Analysed data set: 2012/09 – 2013/02 Continuous recordings divided in files of 10 minutes. Average power spectral density (Nfft =2^14) calculated for each file - 1/3 octave bands. PRELIMINARY YIELDS 26050 Recordings (10’) Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 3

Acoustic data – Statistical analysis in 1/3 octave bands 1/3 Octave Bande From 44.7 to 56.2 Hz 1/3 Octave Bande From 56.2 to 70.8 Hz 1/3 Octave Bande From 70.8 to 89.1 Hz 1/3 Octave Bande From 89.1 to 112 Hz 1/3 Octave Bande From 112 to 141 Hz 1/3 Octave Bande From 141 to 178 Hz Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 4

Ambient sound pressure level in 1/3 octave bands Comparing our dataset to litterature, SN1 measurements have been compared with the Wenz curves related to traffic noise. (Knudsen et al., 1948; Wenz, 1962; reviewed in. Urik, 1983) Legend: 5th percentile 25th percentile Median 75th percentile 95th percentile PRELIMINARY HEAVY SHIPPING TRAFFIC MEDIUM SHIPPING TRAFFIC LOW SHIPPING TRAFFIC WIND SPEED - 5 KNOTS WIND SPEED - 10 KNOTS Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 5

AIS data acquisition at LNS laboratory The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an automatic tracking system used by ships for identify and locate vessels. It gives information such as position, mmsi, speed. INFN – LNS CATANIA Displaying data in real time on Google map web page INGV DATABASE LNS STORAGE Off – line analysis Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 6

AIS statistical analysis MMSI CATANIA HARBOUR Example of daily tracks within 18 km SN1-EMSO coordinates: 29 of November 2012 (using Matlab scripts) Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 7

AIS data correlation with acoustic data nfft = 2^10 Overlap = 50% Daily spectrogram of 29 th of November 2012 dB re 1 uPa^2/Hz t1 t2 MMSI: 304183000 MMSI: 247199000 MMSI: 247323100 MMSI: 247197000 MMSI: 271000742 MMSI: 538090215 MMSI: 247190400 MMSI: 312020000 MMSI: 248939000 MMSI: 249403000 MMSI: 312459000 Distance fromSN1-EMSO [km] Integrated noise from 44.8 Hz to 178 Hz Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 8

AIS data correlation with acoustic data Spectra from different vessels have been studied: MMSI: 247323100 (CARGO) 20/26050 records MMSI: 247190400 (TANKER) 25/26050 records MMSI: 247335000 (PASSENGER) 25/26050 records within than ~ 6 dB all selected spectra from the same vessel are almost overlapped. Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 9

AIS data correlation with acoustic data MMSI: 247190400 (TANKER) SPEED OVER GROUND 15 knots 0,369 km from SN1-EMSO coordinates 18-02-2013 18-12-2013 MMSI: 247323100 (CARGO) SPEED OVER GROUND 17,7 knots DISTANCE FROM SN1 0,149 km from SN1-EMSO coordinates nfft = 2^13 Overlap = 95% dB re 1 uPa^2/Hz Closest point of approach Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 10

Conclusion We installed SN1-EMSO offshore Catania, a preliminary analysis < 1kHz has been performed. This data will be compared with acoustic data from SMO acoustic antenna in Portopalo (see R.Grasso poster) and SMO-EMSO station in a range < 96 kHz. A correlated study between acoustic data from a calibrated hydrophone (2100 m depth) and AIS information allow to analyse the acoustic noise in the area of the Gulf of Catania. The strength of the system is the possibility to develop predict model in order to predict the ambient noise in places where there are no underwater sensors. Future steps -> This analysis is a preliminary study for CABIRIA and EMSO projects to evaluate the contribution of shipping noise to the marine enviroment. Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 12

0,061 km from SN1-EMSO coordinates Conclusion PASSENGER MMSI: 247335000 0,061 km from SN1-EMSO coordinates 16-02-2013 nfft = 2^13 Overlap = 95% CASE OF STUDY Closest point of approach Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013 11

Grazie Sara Pulvirenti Erice, 18/10/2013