Earth Portrait of a Planet Chapter 10 Earthquake
Fig. 10.00 U.S. Geological Survey
Fig. 10.01 W. W. Norton
J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey Fig. 10.02 J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey
Fig. 10.03 lle W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.04 n) shear) W. W. Norton
Types of Faults This animation shows the differences between the three types of faults and illustrates how they are formed. View 1 shows a normal fault, View 2 shows a reverse fault, and View 3 shows a strike-slip fault. [by Stephen Marshak] Play Animation Windows version >> Play Animation Macintosh version >>
National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA W. W. Norton Fig. 10.05 National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.06a-f W. W. Norton
Photo courtesy of Paul “Kip” Otis-Diehl, USMC, 29 Palms, CA Fig. 10.06g Photo courtesy of Paul “Kip” Otis-Diehl, USMC, 29 Palms, CA
Fig. 10.07 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.08 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.09 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.10 W. W. Norton
Original artwork by Gary Hincks p.276-277a Original artwork by Gary Hincks
Original artwork by Gary Hincks p.276-277b Original artwork by Gary Hincks
Fig. 10.11 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.12 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.13ab W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.13cd W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.13ef W. W. Norton
Seismic Wave Motion Seismologists distinguish between different types of seismic waves based on how they move, and whether they travel along the Earth's surface (surface waves) or pass through its interior (body waves). This animation shows two types of body wave motion: View 1 shows shear body waves (also called S-waves) and View 2 shows compressional body waves (P-waves). [by Stephen Marshak] Play Animation Windows version >> Play Animation Macintosh version >>
Fig. 10.14 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.15 W. W. Norton
How a Seismograph Works Seismologists use two basic configurations of seismographs, one for measuring horizontal ground motion, like the one shown in this animation, and the other for measuring vertical ground motion. Both work on the principle of inertia as described by Newton's law, which states that an object at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. Thus, during an earthquake, vibrations cause the frame of the seismograph to move. The pendulum apparatus remains fixed as the paper cylinder moves back and forth beneath it. [by Stephen Marshak] Play Animation Windows version >> Play Animation Macintosh version >>
Fig. 10.16 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.17 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.18ab W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.18c W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.19 W. W. Norton
W. W. Norton. Adapted from Bolt, 1978. Fig. 10.20 W. W. Norton. Adapted from Bolt, 1978.
W. W. Norton. Modified from Dolgoff, 1996. Fig. 10.21 W. W. Norton. Modified from Dolgoff, 1996.
Fig. 10.22 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.23 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.24 W. W. Norton
W. W. Norton. Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey. Fig. 10.25a W. W. Norton. Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey.
Fig. 10.26 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.27ab W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.27cd W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.27e W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.27fg W. W. Norton
M. Celebi, U.S. Geological Survey Fig. 10.28b M. Celebi, U.S. Geological Survey
J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey Fig. 10.28c J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey
Fig. 10.30ab W. W. Norton
National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA Fig. 10.30c National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA
Fig. 10.31 W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.32b U.S. Geological Survey
Fig. 10.33 W. W. Norton
Cecilio Licos, Yasuki Arakaki Collection/Pacific Tsunami Museum Fig. 10.34a Cecilio Licos, Yasuki Arakaki Collection/Pacific Tsunami Museum
Pacific Tsunami Museum Fig. 10.34b Pacific Tsunami Museum
Fig. 10.34c NOAA
Fig. 10.35a W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.35bc W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.35d W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.36a W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.36b W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.36c W. W. Norton
Fig. 10.37 W. W. Norton
Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985. Fig. 10.38abc Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985.
Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985. Fig. 10.38d Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985.
Adapted from Nishenko, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey). Fig. 10.39a Adapted from Nishenko, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey).