Do Now: Which type of joint moves only in 1 direction? Where are 2 places you can find it? Which type of joint moves in all directions? Where are 2 places you can find it? Which type of joint has bones moving around other bones? Where are 2 places you can find it?

What you need to be able to do at the end of class: Compare and contrast the three types of muscles Identify the type of muscle based on characteristics Model each type of muscle in a lab demo

There are 3 types of muscle Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

1. Skeletal Muscle Is voluntary: you control it. Has striations that make it strong. Has multiple nuclei in a cell because it is formed by cells fusing together. Is attached to your bones and makes your skeleton move.

Skeletal Muscle

2. Cardiac Muscle Is involuntary: you do not control it. Has striations that make it strong. Has one nucleus in a cell. Beats on its own and is only found in your heart.

Cardiac Muscle

3. Smooth Muscle Is involuntary: you do not control it. Has no striations that make it strong. Has one nucleus in a cell. Moves things through your body and is found in your digestive tract and around blood vessels.

Smooth Muscle

You must go to all 3 stations! Types of Muscles Stations You will have 5 minutes to complete the activity at each station and answer the questions. You must go to all 3 stations!

Complete the types of muscles table for homework! Reminders Complete the types of muscles table for homework! You will have a mastery quiz on the types of muscle tomorrow.

Do Now

What you need to be able to do at the end of class: Explain the function of skeletal muscles Identify the prime mover and antagonist in an antagonistic pairs

What do muscles do? Creates movement Thought Question: Why do you think we have so many more muscles than bones? Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

What do muscles do? Stabilizes your body Thought Question: Where in your body do you think your muscles are at work keeping you stable right now? Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

What do muscles do? Warms you up Thought Question: What are the benefits and drawbacks of releasing heat from muscle activity? Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

What do muscles do? Gives your body shape Thought Question: What bones are under these muscles? Do these arms resemble the shapes of the bones inside? Take 1 minute to discuss at your tables.

How our Muscles Work Muscles work by CONTRACTING (getting shorter and fatter) and pulling on bones.

How our Muscles Work Muscles are attached to bones by strong non-stretchy TENDONS. muscle tendons

How our Muscles Work A muscle’s ORIGIN is the end attached to the bone that doesn’t move.

How our Muscles Work The INSERTION is the end attached to the bone that is moved when the muscle contracts. .

How our Muscles Work But once contracted, a muscle cannot RELAX again by itself. Each muscle needs a partner.

How our Muscles Work Two muscles working together in opposite directions are called ANTAGONISTIC muscles.

How our Muscles Work The BICEPS and TRICEPS in our arm are an ANTAGONISTIC PAIR. They work as a pair and in opposite directions. 24

Bending our Arm TRICEPS relaxes and is pulled longer BICEPS contracts and bends arm 25

Straightening our Arm BICEPS relaxes and is pulled longer TRICEPS contracts and straightens arm 26

Part of Antagonistic Pairs . The PRIME MOVER is the muscle that contracts and the ANTAGONIST is the muscle that relaxes. 27

Part of Antagonistic Pairs When you move your arm up, your triceps relaxes. The biceps is the PRIME MOVER, and the triceps is the ANTAGONIST.

Do Now

What you need to be able to do at the end of class: Identify the major muscles of the upper body Determine the origin and insertion of the muscles of the upper body

-Helps you lift stuff up Muscles of the chest Pectoralis major -Helps you lift stuff up -Origin is the clavicle -Insertion is the humerus -The trapezius is its antagonist. Pectoralis major

-Helps you raise your arms Muscles of the chest Deltoids -Helps you raise your arms -Origin is the clavicle -Insertion is the humerus -The latissimus dorsi is its antagonist. Deltoid

-Helps you pull back your arms Muscles of your back The trapezius, in your back, creates some of the opposite movement of your pectoralis major. You use your latissimus dorsi to lower your arms after your deltoids have raised them. Trapezius -Helps you pull back your arms -Origin is the vertebrae -Insertion is the humerus -The pectoralis major is its antagonist. Trapezius

-Helps you lower your arms Muscles of your back Latissimus dorsi -Helps you lower your arms -Origin is the clavicle -Insertion is the humerus -The deltoid is its antagonist. Latissimus dorsi

-Moves your upper spine Muscles of your abdomen Rectus abdominis -Moves your upper spine -Origin is the ribs -Insertion is the pelvis Rectus abdominis .

-Moves your upper body side to side Muscles of your abdomen External obliques -Moves your upper body side to side -Origin is the ribs -Insertion is the pelvis External obliques .

-Moves your lower arms up -Origin is the clavicle Arm muscles include biceps and triceps brachii Biceps brachii -Moves your lower arms up -Origin is the clavicle -Insertion is the humerus Biceps brachii

-Moves your lower arms down -Origin is the clavicle Arm muscles include biceps and triceps brachii Triceps brachii -Moves your lower arms down -Origin is the clavicle -Insertion is the humerus Triceps brachii

Let’s try some practice! Dr. D says….

Do Now: Identify these muscles and their partner muscle. 4 2 3 1

-Largest muscle in your thigh Muscles of the legs Gluteus maximus -Largest muscle in your thigh -Origin is in the pelvis -Insertion is in the tibia Gluteus maximus

Muscles of the upper legs Quadriceps -Largest muscle in your thigh -Origin is in the pelvis -Insertion is in the patella -Does the opposite movement of the gluteus maximus Quadriceps

Muscles of the upper legs Rectus femoris Rectus femoris -Largest muscle in your thigh -Origin is in the pelvis -Insertion is in the patella

-Insertion is the tibia -The rectus femoris is its antagonist. Muscles of Upper Leg Biceps femoris -Bends your knee -Origin is the pelvis -Insertion is the tibia -The rectus femoris is its antagonist. Biceps femoris

-Pushes your body forward when you’re walking. Calf muscles Gastrocnemius -Pushes your body forward when you’re walking. -Origin is the tibia -Insertion is the tarsals -The antagonist is in the front of the calf Gastrocnemius

Let’s try some practice! Dr. D says….

Skeletal muscles are made of bundles of muscle fibers The bundles are held together by the epimysium. This “bundled bundles” structure makes muscles strong and keeps them from coming apart. Epimysium What other examples do you know of where something is made stronger by wrapping bundles in bundles?

Muscle fibers are like wires…

Muscle fibers are filled with myofibrils These are the “colored wires” inside of the muscle fiber. They contain two long proteins that overlap, actin and myosin. These are the actual metal wires inside. Actin Myosin

The actin and myosin are in units called sarcomeres

The sarcomere is where muscle contraction takes place Muscle contraction occurs when the proteins slide past each other and close the gaps between them. The actin grabs the myosin and pulls! Actin Myosin