Chapter 8 International Sport 9 International Sport Chapter 8 International Sport

Chapter Outline Globalization of modern sport U.S. influence on world sport Olympic Games Media effects on the sport of globalization (continued)

Chapter Outline (continued) Nationalism versus economics Athletes and coaches as migrant workers Use of sport for better world understanding Chapter summary

Globalization of Modern Sport Traditions began with Greek civilization. Sport expanded with the British Empire. Nationalism emerged. Dominance is shifting toward developing countries in certain sports (e.g., soccer, cricket, table tennis).

United States Influence of World Sport Football, baseball, basketball, volleyball, and lacrosse were uniquely from the United States. Interchange between athletes, coaches, and officials of these sports and of the traditional English sports promoted the globalization of both U.S. and English sports.

Discussion Please discuss why you believe basketball has had more worldwide appeal (in terms of participation) than American football.

Global Consumption of Sport Shoe wars (Adidas, Reebok; Nike domination) Increase in casual dress through sport apparel industry Corporate use of labor in developing countries (e.g., Nike) Sponsorship of countries and teams Corporate television sponsors

Discussion Who benefits from competition to put athletes in certain shoe brands? Discuss from both a functionalist and a critical perspective.

Popularity of Sport Worldwide Soccer: World Cup most-watched sport event in world (2010 U.S. viewing up 22%) Basketball: 92 non-U.S. NBA players from 39 countries in 2013–2014 Baseball: 30% of players international in MLB

10 Most Popular Sports in the World (Playing and Watching Combined) Soccer Cricket Field hockey Tennis Volleyball Table tennis Baseball Golf Basketball American football

Discussion Perhaps to some people’s surprise, American football is ranked as the 10th most popular sport in the world. Would you have expected it to be higher? Why or why not?

The Olympic Games Increase communication between countries. Attract huge audiences worldwide. Promote cultural awareness. Standardize rules (often worldwide) in certain sports.

Media Effects on Globalization of Sport Sport fan base is increased by the Internet and by satellite and cable broadcasting. Sport caters to the TV industry to get big money for TV broadcast rights. Results in huge revenue for international events and potential for domestic leagues to expand their fan bases.

Nationalism Versus Economics Historically, international competition was driven by national pride. Drivers are shifting toward economic model. Corporate sponsors of countries, teams, and events 2004 U.S. Olympic team sponsored by Roots (Canadian clothing company) Large income from TV network sponsorship

International Travel in Sport Athletes and coaches often travel, work, and play internationally. Coaches are often hired to develop a sport outside their own country. Agents often travel to watch athlete clients. Constant touring can lead to strain and burnout.

Discussion Should U.S. colleges and universities grant athletic scholarships to international student- athletes? Why or why not?

Using Sport for International Understanding Athletes of all ages have international competition opportunities. International travel and competition increase appreciation of multiple cultures. Interactions between coaches increase world outlook between individuals.