International University of Japan Introduction Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D., Public Management and Policy Analysis Program Graduate School of International Relations International University of Japan

2 Components of IS 1 Technological components: hardware, software, and telecommunication Organizational components: data/information, people, rules/procedures An information system is not simply a set of computer hardware (physical equipment) and software Telecommunications (Network): connectivity

3 Components of IS 2 Data and information (database) are essential since an information system is all about data and information. People operate and use the systems Procedures/rules to use systems and perform tasks. Formal and informal

4 Major Trends in IS 2 Digital convergence means technological merger of several industries through various devices that exchange information in the digital format used in computers. “The same information may be exchanged among many kinds of equipment, using the language of computers” (Hutchinson & Sawyer: 2000:1.24)

Why Publicness? Environmental factors Legal constraints 5 Why Publicness? Environmental factors Legal constraints Political influence Scrutiny Complexity of objectives (ambiguous goals) Fewer incentives for performance All these make difference

Public Information Systems 6 Public Information Systems More emphasis on openness, accountability, representativeness, equity More limited by environments (politics) External & vertical linkages Support a variety of people without discrimination (no digital inequality) Incremental approach (Bozeman and Bretschneider, 1986)

References Stair and Reynolds. 2016. Principles of information systems, 12th ed. Cengage Learning. Morley and Parker. 2015. Understanding computers, 15th ed. Cengage Learning. Hutchinson and Sawyer. 2000. Computers, Communications, and Information, 7th ed. Irwin/McGraw-Hill