Foundations of Government

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Foundations of American Government
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Presentation transcript:

Foundations of Government Unit 1 Foundations of Government

Unit 1 Vocabulary Quiz 1 Words Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy Representative Government Unitary System Confederacy Federal System Parliamentary Government Presidential Government

Bell Ringer Journal Entry – Write a well-developed paragraph over the topic, “Which policies of the government make your life better? Which do you think make your life worse?”

Unit 1 Day 1 EQ – When looking at forms of government, how would the U.S. be described?

3-2-1 3 – Ways Oligarchic and Democratic forms of government differ! 2 – Ways Presidential and Parliamentary are similar! 1 – The type of government that the United States has TODAY!

Bell Ringer - Graphic Organizer Using chapter 2, explain the importance of these documents and men to American Government. Magna Carta Charles Montesquieu Petition of Rights Thomas Hobbes English Bill of Rights John Locke

Bell Ringer – Complete Chart Use the information in your textbook on pages 35-40 to complete the chart. First, define each idea in your own words. Then, give examples that illustrate how each idea was put into practice. TWO IDEAS ABOUT GOVERNMENT FROM AMERICA’S ENGLISH HERTITAGE LIMITED GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT How Idea Was Put Into Practice

8/18: Name the 13 English colonies.

EQ – How was America’s government influenced by English documents and philosophers? SSCG1

Journal Entry - Students will write a well-developed paragraph over the topic, “If you were put in charge of a country what would the top 10 rights be that all people should have? Where did you get your ideas from? (tv, music, parents, teachers books?)

Basic definitions you need to know… Philosopher – a person who critically analyzes fundamental assumptions and beliefs Rule of Law – the principle that no one is above the law Limited Government – a government where minimal intervention by the government is allowed

The 13 colonies: Name them

The colonies were made up of English citizens What did our founding father think about our rights and the role of government? The colonies were made up of English citizens Believed they should be treated with the same rights as English citizens

Where did they get their beliefs?

Reading: colonial influence 3minutes to read each section Discussion https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=magna+carta+rap&&view=detail&mid=5FEEEA609622CA8290325FEEEA609622CA829032&FORM=VRDGAR

Read handout Complete handout part A

The United States constitutional system incorporated ideas from the Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights. Magna Carta - Limited power of the government. - Fundamental rights: Trial by Jury Due Process of Law Petition of Rights - Early document supporting idea that men have rights and establishing concept of rule of law. Included basic rights: Guarantee of trial by jury Protection against marshal law Protection against quartering of troops Protection of private property English Bill of Rights - Limited power of the monarch. - No standing army in peacetime - Free Elections - Right of Petition - Parliamentary checks on power

8/22: Who lost power with Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights? Put graphic organizer homework in tray. Notebooks collected at end of class

ACTIVITY OVER TYPES OF GOVERNMENT Create a graphic organizer defining and illustrating the 8 forms of government. You may set-up your graphic organizer however you choose, but you must include the definition and a illustration for each form of government. 8 Forms: Autocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, Unitary, Confederal, Federal, Presidential, Parliamentary i.e. Representative Government – a system of government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government

Summary A Englishmen the colonists inherited the ideas behind Magna Carta, the English bill of rights and Petition of Rights that the governments powers were limited Magna carta- 1215 written document presented to King John of England by his subjects intended to restrict his power and protect their rights

Summary continued Petition of Rights 1628- asked for recognition of rights against restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and the use of martial law Bill of Rights -1689 demanded rights from the king. Creates separation of powers, limits the powers of the king and queen, enhances democratic election and freedom of speech.

Journal: If you had to write a contract with me as your teacher and you as student what would be in it IE.. You will do this and in return we will. If not …………

The United States constitutional system incorporated ideas of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Charles Montesquieu. #2 John Locke - Social Contract - Representative Government was best - believed that humans had certain natural rights – rights with which they were born. (Life, liberty, property) #1 Thomas Hobbes - Social Contract - Autocracy was best - believed leader’s main duty is to provide government to the citizens and that if he fails at that task, people have the right to get another government. #3 Charles Montesquieu - believed that a government that was ruled by the people was the best form of government - best government would be one in which power was balanced among three groups of officials - He called the idea of dividing government power into three branches the “separation of powers” and each branch of government could check the power of the other two branches (Checks and Balances)

Unit 1 Days 1 and 2 Review CWP Word Bank unitary Confederal Federal Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy Representative Democracy Presidential Parliamentary Magna Carta Petition of Rights English Bill of Rights Limited Government Rule of Law Charles Montesquieu Thomas Hobbes John Locke Natural Rights Separation of Powers Checks and Balances

Complete matching sheet Put in left page of notebook Last thing to answer in your notebook before you turn them in What is a state of nature? DO not copy the sentences as they just describe how Hobbes viewed it

Bell Ringer Grab “In the Course of Human Events…” off of the front desk. Read and complete questions 1-10. You MAY write on this paper!!

Unit 1 Day 3 EQ – How does the theories in the Social Contract compare to that of the Declaration of Independence? SSCG2

copycats Members of our Continental congress imitated their English ancestors in the writing or the DECLARATION of Independence

Discussion on Declaration of Independence Continental Congress (1776) Representatives from 13 colonies met in Philadelphia Thomas Jefferson wrote majority of the Declaration of Independence Approved on July 4, 1776 Explain the reasons the 13 colonies decided to separate from Great Britain and to form an independent country. The colonists believed that the power of the government comes from the consent of the governed. Natural Rights to ALL individuals: Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness!! ALL men are created EQUAL!!

Independence Hall – Then and Now Declaration of Independence

Social Contract Theory People give up some personal freedoms for safety, created the state. State arose out of a voluntary act by free people. It holds that the state exists only to serve the will of the people. People are the sole source of political power, and that they are free to give or to withhold that power as they choose. State exists to serve the people and was created by them.

Social Contract Theory – Rousseau, Locke, Hobbes 1. Popular Sovereignty - consent of the governed - it is because people have agreed to be ruled, that governments are entitled to rule - the government is charged with implementing and enforcing the general will of the people 2. Limited Government 3. Natural rights are universal rights that are seen as inherent in the nature of people and not contingent on human actions or beliefs (including life, liberty, and pursuit of property) https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/D745CCAA-9359-4CBB-BB93-43292E6A92D0

Declaration of Independence Using your notes and pages 8 and 46-47 to compare and contrast the Declaration of Independence and the Social Contract Theory. Declaration of Independence Social Contract Don’t forget WHO, WHAT, WHEN , WHERE, and WHY IMPORTANT when comparing and contrasting.

Thomas Jefferson borrowed heavily from the theories of John Locke in writing the Declaration on Independence.  One of the concepts is that legitimate government must respect the inalienable rights if its citizens.  Among these rights, Locke included "life, liberty, and property".  Jefferson adjusted this in the Declaration to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Both Locke and Rousseau's ideas had an impact on the Constitution as well.  Rousseau had a strong believe in the sovereignty of the people, i.e. that the people had to have ultimate control over their government.  Rousseau's ideas went much farther than the Constitution's, since he supported direct democracy rather than representative democracy through a republic.  Yet the notion that "We the people" could create a Constitution was something from Rousseau.  Also, the Constitutional Amendment process being ratified by public convention (Article V) expresses this sentiment.

Unit 1a. CDA Review CWP People Petition of Rights Abolish Presidential Government Representative Democracy Rule of Law Separation of Powers Social Contract The People Thomas Hobbes Unalienable Rights Unitary Abolish Autocracy Charles Montesquieu Confederal System Declaration of Independence Democracy Federal System of Government John Locke Limited Government Oligarchy