The antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of Ocimum gratissimum extracts against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in human HepG2 cells Yung-Wei Chiu,

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The antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of Ocimum gratissimum extracts against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in human HepG2 cells Yung-Wei Chiu, Hung-Jen Lo, Hsin-Yu Huang, Pei-Yu Chao, Jin-Ming Hwang, Pei-Yun Huang, Shyh-Jer Huang, Jer-Yuh Liu, Te-Jen Lai Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 253-260 (September 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.002 Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The relative yields and total phenolic contents of Ocimum gratissimum extract of the leaves and the stems. OGE = Ocimum gratissimum extract. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2013 21, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.002) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 The DPPH radical-scavenging activities of Ocimum gratissimum L. extract. The results are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments in triplicate. BHA = butylated hydroxyanisole; DPPH = 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; OGE = Ocimum gratissimum L. extract. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2013 21, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.002) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 The effect of Ocimum gratissimum L. extract (OGE) on HepG2 cell viability. The HepG2 cells were precultured in 24 wells (2 × 105 cell/well in 10 mL of complete DMEM), starved for 12 hours, and pretreated with OGE at the indicated concentrations for 24 hours prior to undergoing incubation with 882 nM H2O2. Cell viability was then determined by MTT assay and expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). *Indicates a significant difference, compared to H2O2-treated cells; p < 0.05. **Indicates a significant difference, compared to the control (i.e., normal cells; n = 3); p < 0.01. H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide; MTT = 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; OGE = Ocimum gratissimum extract. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2013 21, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.002) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The effect of Ocimum gratissimum L. extract (OGE) on HepG2 morphology under H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Microphotographs (40× objective; phase contrast optics) of the HepG2 cells were obtained after treating them for 24 hours, as described in Section 2. The images show (A) the control; (B) 882 nM H2O2; (C) 40 μg/mL OGE + 882 nM H2O2; (D) 60 μg/mL OGE + 882 nM H2O2; (E) 80 μg/mL OGE + 882 nM H2O2; and (F) 100 μg/mL OGE + 882 nM H2O2. H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide; OGE = Ocimum gratissimum extract. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2013 21, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.002) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Cells were precultured in a 10-cm dish (4 × 106 cells/dish in 10 mL of complete DMEM) for 12 hours, and then incubated for 24 hours with various concentrations of OGE prior to the addition of H2O2. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *Indicates a significant difference, compared to the control group (n = 3); p < 0.01. **Indicates a significant difference, compared to treatment with H2O2 alone (n = 3); p < 0.05. DMEM = Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide; OGE = Ocimum gratissimum extract; TBARS = thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2013 21, 253-260DOI: (10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.002) Copyright © 2013 Terms and Conditions