Successful Sixth Form Study A Guide to Research & Referencing LRC – 2014

Information Literacy “Information literacy is knowing when and why you need information, where to find it and how to evaluate, use and communicate it in an ethical manner.” CILIP (Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals)

QUICK Steps to Success QUESTIONS you need to ask (What do I already know, what do I need to find out, big and little questions, research grids) UNDERSTAND what you need to do (planning, time management, how will my work be assessed, how will I present my findings ?) IDENTIFY and evaluate sources (locate and evaluate resources, bias & opinion) CHOOSE and organise key information (extracting relevant information, taking notes, synthesis) KNOW what you’ve done (reflect and review, communicate, bibliography)

Effective Searching Plan before your search – what do you need to know? Web addresses – limit your searches: uk – uk websites only; sch – school websites often very helpful; ac – academic institutions – no advertising in these two! gov – government websites are reliable; org – organisations usually reliable but check! i.e. Uk only, schools etc. ie. Greenhouse effect site: org Use Google Advanced search or Google Scholar Use online subscription resources – verified and relevant

LVS Resources OLIVER catalogue (Start, Favourites) From Netvibes page: Newspapers for Schools Issues Facts & Statistics (Complete Issues) Credo Reference Philip Allan magazines Subject specific resources

How can I make sure of my source? Use more than one source Who wrote it and when ? When was it updated (websites) ? What is the purpose of the web page ? Where does the information come from ? Can it be confirmed ? CARS! Credible Accurate Reliable Supported

I’ve found a reliable source – why shouldn’t I copy (cut & paste) from it? Focus on retrieval of information rather than actual content Reduces your ability to summarise and synthesize No independent learning – often don’t understand or absorb information Plagiarism – it is someone else’s work!

Definitions of Plagiarism Oxford English Dictionary: “to take and use as one’s own the thoughts, writings or inventions of another”. Merriam-Webster online dictionary : to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own to use (another’s production) without crediting the source to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

All these are plagiarism: turning in someone else’s work as your own copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit failing to put a quotation in quotation marks giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not

Acknowledge your sources: Citation & Referencing You should cite your source - Whenever you use quotes Whenever you paraphrase Whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed Whenever you make specific reference to the work of another Whenever someone else’s work has been critical in developing your own ideas

Is there a difference ? Citation - showing a particular word or phrase in context. Making reference to an authority, particularly in the text. Reference – material contained in a footnote or bibliography referring back to a quote or passage in your text.

Citations in the text In-text citations usually list either the name of the publication or the author of the work. Here are two examples: From a book: Bellow writes, "Knowledge divorced from life equals sickness" (More Die of Heartbreak, p. 7). Or from a website: The latest study of health professionals (http://ww.onlinehealthsurvey.org, 2009) reveals that .... If you cite in the text you need to put the full details of the resource in your Bibliography

References as footnotes Some subjects require footnotes; this example is a periodical – for full details of how to reference other sources, see following slides Commenting on the history of climate change, Kennedy notes, "We have known since the early 1900s that global temperatures between 90,000 and 10,000 years ago underwent sudden dramatic shifts."12 At the end of the quotation, you need to include a footnote: 12 Don Kennedy, "New Climate News," Science, volume 290 (November 10, 2000), 1091. (this is a periodical) Microsoft Word can do this for you – see References tab at the top of the page. On that tab, you will see a button called “Insert Footnote” – when your cursor is directly after the citation, click this button and word will insert the number at the end of your quote and take you to the bottom of the page to type your footnote.

Bibliographies You must list your sources in a Bibliography even if you have cited or referenced them in the body of the work

Referencing & Bibliographies Books Author/editor (Year of publication) Title Edition (if not the first) Place of publication: publisher Series and volume number where relevant Beauchamp, Tom L. (ed) (1999) An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding New York: Oxford University Press References using Harvard system – best guide to this is Palgrave’s “Cite them Right” – in the LRC

Referencing & Bibliographies Websites – individual author Author/editor (Year site published/last updated) Title of internet site Available at: URL (Accessed: date) Yau, T. (2001) Dragon project. Available at http://www.geocities.com/dragonproject2000/ (Accessed: 14 March 2010)

Referencing & Bibliographies Websites – organisations (Year site published/last updated) Title of internet site Available at: URL (Accessed: date) British Red Cross (2008) Open Gardens. Available at: http://www.redcross.org.uk/index.asp?id=39992 (Accessed: 17 June 2010)

Referencing & Bibliographies Newspapers/articles (print/ONLINE) Author (Year of publication) ‘Title of article’ Title of newspaper (Edition) – print only Day and month/ add ONLINE if appropriate Page reference/AVAILABLE AT: URL (Accessed: date) ONLINE ONLY Old, D. (2008) ‘House price gloom’ Evening Chronicle (Newcastle edn), 26 June p.25/Online, (ONLINE VERSIONS ONLY – Available at: http:www.eveningchronicle.org.uk (Accessed: 27 June 2010)

Referencing & Bibliographies Journals i.e.Fact File (print/ONLINE) Author (Year of publication) ‘Title of article’ Title of journal (Fact File) Volume, issue, page number ONLINE only Name of collection (Complete Issues) [online] Available at: url of collection - http://www.completeissues.co.uk/search/ (Accessed: date)

Referencing & Bibliographies Online Journals i.e.Media Magazine Author (Year of publication) ‘Title of article’ Title of journal (Media Magazine) Volume, issue, page number Name of collection (emagazine) [online] Available at: url of collection - http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/index.html (Accessed: date)

Please ask at the LRC for further help or individual tutorials This presentation and lots of other useful guides and templates can be found in LVSpace School/LRC