7 The Skeleton: Part C

*STUDENTS WILL DO THE FOLLOWING SLIDES ON THEIR OWN DURING SPRING BREAK Both Classes: 17, 24, 27, 28, 29, 33, and 34 **ALSO DURING SPRING BREAK: STUDENTS WILL STUDY & KNOW ALL BONES AND PARTS STUDIED SO FAR ON ALL LAB DIAGRAMS AS OF Fri., 04-07 Quiz On All Bones Done So Far On Mon. (MW Class) And Wed. (WF Class) after break * After Break In Lecture, We Will Finish Ch 6 & 7 and Do the First ½ of Ch. 8.

III The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle Lateral View A. Os Coxae (Os coxa) Each = 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, pubis Functions: Attaches Supports Vs. Pectoral: Bony Pelvis: deep basin-like structure formed by: Articulations Hip Joint; mobility & strength? Sacroilliac Joint Pubic Symphysis Posterior Animation: Rotatable pelvis PLAY Anterior

Three regions Animation: Rotatable pelvis Base of sacrum Iliac crest Sacroiliac joint Iliac fossa Anterior superior iliac spine Sacral promontory Coxal bone (os coxae or hip bone) Anterior inferior iliac spine llium Sacrum Pubic bone Pelvic brim Coccyx Acetabulum Pubic tubercle Ischium Pubic crest Pubic symphysis Pubic arch PLAY Animation: Rotatable pelvis Figure 7.29

= Superior part: Body & Ala (wings) Iliac Crest: Iliac Spines A. Pelvic Girdle … 1. ILIUM = Superior part: Body & Ala (wings) Iliac Crest: Iliac Spines Anterior & Posterior Superior Iliac Spines Anterior & Posterior Inferior Iliac Spines = Function: Anterior & Posterior Sacroiliac Ligaments: Lateral View Posterior

Greater Sciatic Notch: Lateral View Ilium … Greater Sciatic Notch: Auricular surface articulates w/: Forms sacroiliac joint Arcuate Line: Posterior Posterior Medial View

2. Ischium Posterior-inferior Main Regions: Body & Inferior Ramus Pelvic Girdle … 2. Ischium Posterior-inferior Main Regions: Body & Inferior Ramus Ischial Spine: Lesser Sciatic Notch Ischial Tuberosity: inferior when sitting: Lateral View Posterior Ischial Tuberosity MECHANICAL STRESS/GRAVITY HAMSTRING MUSCLES Body Inferior Ramus

3. Pubis Anterior Pubic Crest: Superior Ramus Pubic Symphysis joint Pelvic Girdle … 3. Pubis Anterior Pubic Crest: Superior Ramus Pubic Symphysis joint Made of: Inferior Ramus Pubic Arch & Subpubic Angle PUBIS Body & Two Rami PUBIC ARCH: 80-90 IN Female

Acetabular Fossa: indentation Acetabular Notch: continuous w/ fossa Pelvic Girdle … 4. MISCELLANEOUS PARTS Acetabulum = Acetabular Fossa: indentation Acetabular Notch: continuous w/ fossa Obturator Foramen– passage of blood vessels and nerves Ischiopubic Ramus ACETABULAR FOSSA: Fat ACETABULAR NOTCH: passage of vessels and nerves OBTURATOR FORAMEN: enclosed by Fibrous Connective T. WHY?

Os Coxae Anterior gluteal line Ilium Ala Posterior gluteal line Iliac crest Posterior superior iIiac spine Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Inferior gluteal line Greater sciatic notch Anterior inferior iliac spine Ischial body Acetabulum Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Pubic body Pubis Ischium Inferior ramus of pubis Ischial tuberosity Obturator foramen Ischial ramus (a) Lateral view, right hip bone Figure 7.30a

(b) Medial view, right hip bone Ilium Iliac fossa Iliac crest Posterior superior iliac spine Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Auricular surface Body of the ilium Arcuate line Greater sciatic notch Superior ramus of pubis Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Pubic tubercle Obturator foramen Articular surface of pubis (at pubic symphysis) Ischium Inferior ramus of pubis Ischial ramus (b) Medial view, right hip bone Figure 7.30b

B. Pelvis Structure & Childbearing True or Lesser Pelvis: contains birth canal Pelvic Brim, Pelvic Inlet: Oval ridge from Pubic Crest  Arcuate Line  Sacral Promontory; M/F differences in dimensions:

Pelvis Structure & Childbearing … Pelvic Outlet: inferior margin Bounded by Pubic Arch, Ishia, Saccrum, Coccyx Dimensions M vs. F False Pelvis: Portion above Pelvic Brim Bounded by Alae & lower Lumber Vertebrae Function Other M vs. F Differences Saccrum Coccyx

Table 7.4

Table 7.4

Table 7.4

IV. The Lower Limb 29 bones Introduction Thigh: femur Leg: tibia and fibula Foot

B. Thigh FEMUR: Largest/strongest bone medially to knee Lower Limb … B. Thigh FEMUR: Largest/strongest bone medially to knee Male vs. Female Articulations Hip: Knee: Tibia Patella Anterior View Posterior View

Fovea Capitus– indentation Femur … Parts Head: Fovea Capitus– indentation Function: ligament Neck– narrowed, adjacent to head weak Fracture

Greater Trochanter– large, blunt process Femur … Greater Trochanter– large, blunt process lateral muscles Lesser Trochanter –small “ “ Intertrochanteric Crest posteriorly Intertrochanteric Line anteriorly

Linea Aspera– low, vertical ridge Femur … Gluteal Tuberosity– Posterior Muscles Blends into Linea Aspera– low, vertical ridge muscle Medial and Lateral Condyles: distal articulate with M. and L. Condyles of ______ Lateral Epicondyle– superior to Muscle Medial Epicondyle “ “ “

Neck Fovea capitis Greater trochanter Head Inter- trochanteric crest Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line Gluteal tuberosity Apex Linea aspera Anterior Facet for lateral condyle of femur Facet for medial condyle of femur Lateral condyle Medial and lateral supra- condylar lines Lateral epicondyle Surface for patellar ligament Intercondylar fossa Posterior Medial condyle (a) Patella (kneecap) Adductor tubercle Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Patellar surface Anterior view Posterior view (b) Femur (thigh bone) Figure 7.31

Adductor Tubercle– on superior part of Anterior View Adductor Tubercle– on superior part of Medial Epicondyle; Muscle attachment Patellar Surface– articulates patella Popliteal Space– behind knee Intercondylar Notch (Fossa)– between condyles Posterior View

C. PATELLA Sesamoid Bone in Patellar Tendon Patellar Ligament

Intercondylar eminence Head Medial condyle Proximal tibiofibular joint Lateral condyle Intercondylar eminence Head Medial condyle Proximal tibiofibular joint Tibial tuberosity Interosseous membrane Anterior border Fibula Tibia Distal tibiofibular joint Articular surface Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus (a) Anterior view Figure 7.32a

Articular surface Articular surface of of medial condyle lateral condyle Medial condyle Head of fibula Interosseous membrane Tibia Fibula Articular surface Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus (b) Posterior view Figure 7.32b

D. Tibia Medial Receives body weight Medial Condyle: articulates w/ Bones of the Leg … D. Tibia Medial Receives body weight Medial Condyle: articulates w/ Lateral Condyle: articulates w/ Intercondylar Eminence Posterior View

Tibial Tuberosity– attachment of Anterior Crest (Border) = Medial Malleolus Inferior End– Articulates w/ foot at Talus Anterior View

E. Fibula Stabilizes ankle joint interosseous membrane Articulates with tibia via proximal & distal tibiofibular joints Head Lateral Malleolus Inferior End– articulates with Talus

Intercondylar eminence Head Medial condyle Proximal tibiofibular joint Lateral condyle Intercondylar eminence Head Medial condyle Proximal tibiofibular joint Tibial tuberosity Interosseous membrane Anterior border Fibula Tibia Distal tibiofibular joint Articular surface Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus (a) Anterior view Figure 7.32a

Articular surface Articular surface of of medial condyle lateral condyle Medial condyle Head of fibula Interosseous membrane Tibia Fibula Articular surface Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus (b) Posterior view Figure 7.32b

Phalanges Distal Middle Proximal Metatarsals Medial cuneiform 1 2 3 4 5 Metatarsals Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Navicular Cuboid Tarsals Talus Trochlea of talus Calcaneus (a) Superior view Figure 7.33a

F. Foot: 1. Tarsals Talus transfers weight to heel Calcaneus– heel Other tarsal bones: cuboid, navicular, and the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms PROXIMAL ROW: Navicular– Talus– Calcaneus N T C DISTAL ROW: Medial C.– Intermediate C.– Lateral C.—Cuboid M I L C Not The Coke, Mostly I Like Cubes

Foot … 2. Metatarsals: 5 3. Phalanges #1 to #5 metatarsal 1: “ball of the foot” 3. Phalanges 14 bones Each digit has 3 Rows: Proximal, Middle, and Distal Hallux; no middle phalanx

Phalanges Distal Middle Proximal Metatarsals Medial cuneiform 1 2 3 4 5 Metatarsals Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Navicular Cuboid Tarsals Talus Trochlea of talus Calcaneus (a) Superior view Figure 7.33a

Animation: Rotatable bones of the foot Talus Facet for medial malleolus Navicular Intermediate cuneiform Sustentac- ulum tali (talar shelf) First metatarsal Calcaneus Medial cuneiform Calcaneal tuberosity (b) Medial view PLAY Animation: Rotatable bones of the foot Figure 7.33b

END

(c) Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view Olecranon process View Trochlear notch Coronoid process Radial notch (c) Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view Ulnar notch of radius Articulation for lunate Articulation for scaphoid Styloid process Head of ulna Styloid process View (d) Distal ends of the radius and ulna at the wrist Figure 7.27c-d

BONE MARKINGS