Slides taken from: Computer Networking by Kurose and Ross

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Presentation transcript:

Slides taken from: Computer Networking by Kurose and Ross Networks Slides taken from: Computer Networking by Kurose and Ross

What’s the Internet millions of connected computing devices: hosts, end-systems pc's workstations, servers PDA's phones, toasters running network apps communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite routers: forward packets (chunks) of data thru network

What’s the Internet protocols: control sending, receiving of msgs e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, PPP Internet: "network of networks" loosely hierarchical Internet standards RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force

What’s Protocol human protocols: "what's the time?" "I have a question" introductions ... specific msgs sent ... specific actions taken when msgs received, or other events network protocols: machines rather than humans all communication activity in Internet governed by protocols protocols define format, order of msgs sent and received among network entities, and actions taken on msg transmission, receipt

Protocols

Network edge end systems (hosts): client/server model run application programs e.g., WWW, email at "edge of network" client/server model client host requests, receives service from server e.g., WWW client (browser)/ server; email client/server

Connection-orientated Service Goal: data transfer between end sys. handshaking: setup (prepare for) data transfer ahead of time Hello, hello back human protocol set up "state" in two communicating hosts TCP - Transmission Control Protocol Internet's connection-oriented service TCP service [RFC 793] reliable, in-order byte-stream data transfer loss: acknowledgements and retransmissions flow control: won't sender overwhelm receiver congestion control: senders "slow down sending rate" when network congested

Network Core mesh of interconnected routers the fundamental question: how is data transferred through net? circuit switching: dedicated circuit per call: telephone net packet-switching: data sent thru net in discrete "chunks"

Packet Switching To improve the efficiency of transferring information over a shared communication line, messages are divided into fixed-sized, numbered packets Network devices called routers are used to direct packets between networks Messages sent by packet switching

Protocol Layers Networks are made of many "pieces": Question: hosts routers links of various media applications protocols hardware, software Question: Is there any hope of organizing structure of network?

Organization of air travel

Organization of air travel: a different view

Protocol Stack application: supporting network applications ftp, smtp, http, telnet transport: host-host data transfer tcp, udp network: routing of datagrams from source to destination ip, routing protocols link: data transfer between neighboring network elements ppp, ethernet physical: bits "on the wire"

Protocol Layering and Data Each layer takes data from above adds header information to create new data unit passes new data unit to layer below

Data Message

In Class Assignment Use telnet to connect to your CSCI account Open a DOS command prompt window and type: telnet candler.cs.unca.edu Login to your CS account: Your login name is <first-6-characters-of-last-name><First-initial><Second-initial> Your password is <the four letters "csci"><last four digits of student id> Use the yppasswd command to change your password. Use FTP to transfer a file to your CSCI account Use your favorite editor (e.g., wordpad, notepad, word) to create a file---the contents of the file don’t matter. Store the file in the directory c:\files; create that directory if necessary. Follow these directions to transfer that file via FTP to your CSCI directory.