Parallelism (G#11) and Proofreading Comparison-Contrast Essay You need TWO printouts of your SECOND DRAFT for class today! If you don’t have them, run to YBOR 303b and print!

TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK Begin finalizing comparison- contrast essay (due Thursday, April 20), submit Grammar #10 (pronoun-antecedent agree- ment) AND Grammar #11 (parallelism) on Canvas, AND read LBCH sections 33-34 (pp. 248-252 and 258-264)

Parallelism (G#11) and Proofreading Comparison-Contrast Essay Connecting Ideas Smoothly (LBCH pp. 148-151)

What is Parallelism? Parallelism means that all of the ideas in your sentences line up logically because they use the same parts of speech or tenses for similar things. When sentences are parallel, they flow smoothly and have symmetry.

1. Parallelism in a series A series is a list. 1. Parallelism in a series Whenever you present a series, each item should line up logically with the beginning of the sentence. For example: I have to get the children dressed, fed, and packed for school by 7:30 a.m.

1. Parallelism in a series A series is a list. 1. Parallelism in a series Note how each of the items in the series of actions lines up with the beginning of the sentence: I have to get the children dressed … by 7:30 a.m. I have to get the children … fed … by 7:30 a.m. I have to get the children … packed for school by 7:30 a.m.

1. Parallelism in a series Parallel: I have to get the children dressed, fed, and packed for school by 7:30 a.m. Not Parallel: I have to get the children dressed, fed, and be packed for school by 7:30 a.m. Not Parallel: I have to get the children dressed, feed them, and packed for school by 7:30 a.m.

1. Parallelism in a series Not Parallel: By brainstorming, applying prewriting strategies, all research completed, writing several drafts, and proofreading for errors, I have improved my writing greatly. Parallel: By brainstorming, applying prewriting strategies, completing all research, writing several drafts, and proofreading for errors, I have improved my writing greatly.

1. Parallelism in a series Not Parallel: The Tutoring Center has helped me with my comma splices, organization, writing better sentences, and thesis statements. Parallel: The Tutoring Center has helped me with my comma splices, organization, sentence-writing skills, and thesis statements.

Can you fix the following? At most high schools, acts of vandalism can result in suspension, detention, or even being expelled from school.

Possible answer: Not parallel: At most area high schools, acts of vandalism can result in suspension, detention, or even being expelled from school. Parallel: At most area high schools, acts of vandalism can result in suspension, detention, or even expulsion.

2. Parallelism with Comparisons Use parallel structure in comparisons with than or as. Not parallel: Designing an interesting garden is easier than to take care of it. Parallel: Designing an interesting garden is easier than taking care of it.

3. Parallelism with Paired Words Correlative conjunctions join things that must be parallel. Check what follows paired words like these: both… and either... or neither… nor not only… but also rather... than

3. Parallelism with Paired Words Sometimes these can be fixed simply by moving one of the paired words: Not Parallel: Erica wants both to be rich and famous. Parallel: Erica wants to be both rich and famous.

3. Parallelism with Paired Words Sometimes a sentence sounds OK but would sound better if the parts of speech were the same. For example: Not Parallel: Joe is not only intelligent but also a good athlete. Parallel: Joe is not only intelligent but also athletic. Note how intelligent and athletic are both adjectives describing Joe.

3. Parallelism with Paired Words Not Parallel: Overscheduling leads not only to frustration but also to becoming exhausted. Parallel: Overscheduling leads not only to frustration but also to exhaustion. (Frustration and exhaustion are both NOUNS.)

Can you fix the following? My current job neither encourages creativity nor flexibility.

Possible answers: Not parallel: My current job neither encourages creativity nor flexibility. Parallel: My current job encourages neither creativity nor flexibility. Parallel: My current job neither encourages creativity nor allows flexibility.

MORE PRACTICE: Can you fix the following? Parallelism (G#11) and Proofreading Comparison-Contrast Essay MORE PRACTICE: Can you fix the following? Confidence means to know yourself, being comfortable with who you are, and not letting anybody tell you otherwise.

Possible answer: Not parallel: Confidence means to know yourself, being comfortable with who you are, and not letting anybody tell you otherwise. Parallel: Confidence means knowing yourself, being comfortable with who you are, and not letting anybody tell you otherwise.

MORE PRACTICE: Can you fix the following? The waste dump is ugly, an environmental danger, unsafe, hazardous to children, and foul-smelling.

Possible answer: Not parallel: The waste dump is ugly, an environmental danger, unsafe, hazardous to children, and foul- smelling. (danger = noun) Parallel: The waste dump is ugly, environmentally dangerous, unsafe, hazardous to children, and foul-smelling.

Grammar #11 Preview: Complete the full exercise on Canvas before the due date. Jessica made an “A” on her science project, a “B” on her math quiz, and her English quiz was 100 percent. A. Right (Parallel) B. Wrong (Not Parallel) Each day of the ancient Olympic games consisted of either athletic events or holding ceremonies and sacrifices to the gods. A. Right (Parallel) B. Wrong (Not Parallel) The athletes competed less to achieve great wealth than for gaining honor both for themselves and their cities. A. Right (Parallel) B. Wrong (Not Parallel) Even if a person studies hard and goes to class, he or she is not guaranteed an A. A. Right (Parallel) B. Wrong (Not Parallel)

Parallelism (G#11) and Proofreading Comparison-Contrast Essay Now, staple a proofreading form to each of your two printouts and trade with at least TWO classmates for silent proofreading. Be sure to get your proofreaders’ names!