English Week 20 Day 1

Let’s Review

Parts of Speech Nouns Conjunctions Verbs Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions

Noun A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

DO NOT EVER capitalize a common noun. Unless . . . . . .it comes at the beginning of a sentence. . . .it is in the title of a book CAPITALIZE all proper nouns.

Singular Nouns PLURAL NOUNS Singular nouns name one person, place, thing, or idea. PLURAL NOUNS Plural nouns name more than one person, place, thing, or idea.

A singular possessive noun shows ownership by one person or thing. To form the possessive of most singular nouns, add an apostrophe (‘) and an s.

Plural possessive nouns are formed in two ways. A plural possessive noun shows ownership by two or more persons or things. Plural possessive nouns are formed in two ways. 1. To form the possessive of a plural noun that ends in s, add only an apostrophe (‘). 2. To form the possessive of a plural noun that does not end in s, add an apostrophe (‘) and s.

f=for a=and n=nor b=but o=or y=yet s=so A conjunction is a connecting word that is used to link sentences, clauses, phrases, or words. f=for a=and n=nor b=but o=or y=yet s=so

Every sentence has a verb. A verb is one of the most important parts of the sentence. It is the main word in the predicate. Every sentence has a verb. It tells the subjects actions, events, or state of being. It is always found in the predicate of a sentence.

An ACTION VERB is . . . jump a verb that shows action. action An action verb is a word that tells what the subject of the sentence is or does. Most verbs are action verbs. jump

Mrs. Buckley is a teacher. A linking verb connects, or links, the subject of a sentence to a word or words in the predicate. A linking verb is followed by a word or words in the predicate that rename or describe the subject. The teacher is tall. Mrs. Buckley is a teacher.

The boy tastes the ice cream. Some verbs can be either action verbs or linking verbs, depending on how they are used in the sentence. The boy tastes the ice cream. This ice cream tastes so sweet.

I B Bawbaw There are 8 linking verbs (state of being verbs): i= is b=be b=been a=as w=was b=being a=am w=were

The most common linking verbs are forms of be. Always use the form of be that agrees with or matches the subject.

Sometimes a predicate is made up of two or more verbs that work together. The main verb tells what the action is. A helping verb works with the main verb to tell more about an action. The helping verb always comes before the main verb. When be is used as a helping verb, it is not a linking verb.

Helping Verbs may might must be being been am are is was were do does did should could would have had has will can shall

Sometimes a word such as not or often separates the helping verb from the main verb. These words are called adverbs. Example : The boy will often run in his tennis shoes. Helping verb – will Main verb – run

Contractions A contraction is a shortened form of two words. It is written as one word. Often the word not is added to a helping verb to form a contraction. The apostrophe ( ‘) takes the place of the letter o in not. The main verb always follows the contraction.

VERB TENSES The tense of a verb tells the time of an action. Verbs have different tenses. A verb tense may show past, present, or future.

The bird flies through the sky. Present Tense Verbs An action verb that describes an action that is happening now or happens over and over is called a present tense verb. The bird flies through the sky. Flies is a present tense verb because it is happening right now.

Many present tense verbs end with s. When a present-tense verb ends in ss, sh, ch, or x, add –es. When a present tense verb ends in y, change the y to i, and add es. sleeps splashes cries

Do not add s or es to present-tense verbs when the subject is I, you, we, they , or a plural noun. Add s to most present-tense verbs when the subject of the sentence is he, she, it, or a singular noun.

Past Tense Verbs Verbs which tell about actions which happened some time ago are past tense verbs. The dog wanted a bone. Wanted is a past tense verb because the action has already happened.

Some verbs change spelling when ed is added to form the past tense. If a verb ends with e, drop the e before adding ed. played If a verb has one syllable and ends with a short vowel sound and a consonant, double the final consonant before adding ed. clapped If a verb ends with a consonant and y, change the y to i before adding ed. tried

Verbs which tell about actions which are going to happen are future tense verbs. We will awaken at six a.m. Will awaken is a future tense verb because the action has not yet happened.

Future tense verbs use special words to talk about things that will happen: will, going to, shall, aim to, etc. going to start shall email

What are pronouns? Pronouns take the place of one or more nouns. The word or phrase replaced by a pronoun is called an antecedent.

Personal Pronouns Refer to people or things Include: I, me, my, mine, you, your, yours, he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs, we, us, our, ours. ME!

You and I will meet later. Subject Pronouns A subject pronoun is used as the subject of a sentence. She is my best friend. It is my dog. Does he know the answer? You and I will meet later.

The teacher gave her a reprimand. Object Pronouns An object pronoun is used as the direct/indirect object or the object of a preposition. Give the book to me. The teacher gave her a reprimand. I will tell you a story. Susan read it to them.

LEARN

Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives A possessive pronoun is used instead of a noun: Julie's car is red. Mine is blue. A possessive adjective is usually used to describe a noun, and it comes before it, like other adjectives: My car is bigger than her car. Remember: There are no apostrophes in possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives. The dog wagged its tail. It's is not a possessive pronoun or possessive adjective -- it means "it is": It's not my dog.

Possessive Pronouns A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that shows who or what has something. A possessive pronoun takes the place of a possessive noun. This story is Homer’s. This story is his.

Possessive Pronouns Its central character is Odysseus. Possessive pronouns are not written with apostrophes. The pronoun its, for example, shows possession. The word it’s, on the other hand, is a contraction of it is. Read the following sentences. Notice the meaning of the words in red type. Its central character is Odysseus. (possessive pronoun) It’s about the adventures of Odysseus. (contraction of It is)

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Possessive adjectives are used to show ownership or possession. Example: That's my folder. " My" is an adjective which shows that I am the owner of the folder. Possessive adjectives are similar or identical to possessive pronouns; however, they are used as an adjective and modify a noun or a noun phrase. Examples: I can't complete my assignment because I don't have the textbook. (In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies the noun "assignment". ) What is your phone number? *(Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modify the noun phrase "phone number." )

Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns Possessive adjectives are used before a noun. Possessive pronouns are used alone. ours yours theirs mine his, hers, its Used alone our your their my his, her, its Used before nouns Plural Singular POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

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