Matter – Properties & Changes Mr. Stripling Pre – AP Chemistry Room 402

States of Matter The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas, are called the states of matter. Solids are a form of matter that have their own definite shape and volume. Liquids are a form of matter that have a definite volume but take the shape of the container.

States of Matter True or False A liquid conforms to it container. A solid has definite shape but changeable volume.

States of Matter Gases have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container. Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature.

Physical Properties of Matter A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.

Physical Properties of Matter Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of substance present. Intensive properties are dependent on the what the substance is, not how much there is. Name examples of both https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0IH3Hgy3oI

Physical Properties of Matter Extensive properties, such as mass, length, volume, and shape are dependent on the amount of substance present. Intensive properties, such as smell, taste, melting point, boiling point, luster, density, and temperature, are dependent on the what the substance is, not how much there is.

Chemical Properties of Matter The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances is called a chemical property. Examples include: Iron forming rust Copper turning green in the air

Observing Properties of Matter A substance can change form—an important concept in chemistry. Both physical and chemical properties can change with specific environmental conditions, such as temperature and pressure.

Section 1 Review Classify each of the following as a physical (A) or a chemical (B) property: 1. Iron and oxygen form rust 2. Iron is more dense than aluminum 3. Magnesium burns brightly when ignited 4. Oil and water do not mix 5. Mercury melts at -39oC

Physical Changes A change that alters the substance without changing its composition Phase change – transition of matter from one state to another Water cycle

Physical Changes crushing a can melting an ice cube boiling water mixing sand and water breaking a glass dissolving sugar and water shredding paper chopping wood mixing red and green marbles sublimating dry ice

Chemical Changes Involves one or more substances changing into new substances Terms that generally refer to chemical reactions include: decompose, explode, rust, oxidize, corrode, tarnish, ferment, burn, rot

Chemical Changes Change of odor. Change of color (for example, silver to reddish-brown when iron rusts). Change in temperature or energy, such as the production (exothermic) or loss (endothermic) of heat. Change of composition - paper turning to ash when burned. Light and/or heat given off. Formation of gases, often appearing as bubbles in liquids. Formation of a precipitate (insoluble particles). The decomposition of organic matter (for example, rotting food). The change is difficult or impossible to reverse.

Conservation of Mass Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction – it is conserved. Mass of reactants = mass of products https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2S6e11NBwiw

Conservation of Mass

Section 2 Review On page 78-79 do problems 5-8, 10 (a-c), and 13(a & b) On page 94 do problems 50-55 Show work where appropriate or receive no credit