Lesson 2: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty Unit 4: A Nation Divided Lesson 2: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty Essential Question: How does the nullification crisis show growing division between the northern and southern states?

Continuing Standard 8 Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. Remember to take notes, but also complete the unit chart provided. It should be used as a study guide.

Tensions over slavery and states’ rights The tension over slavery that strengthened during the early 1800s became an extension of the long lasting states’ rights issue Rather than state leaders arguing over whether the institution of slavery was right or wrong, they began to argue over who had the power (the states or the National Government) to decide whether or not to allow slavery in a territory/state

The States’ Rights argument The states’ rights dates back to creation of the Constitution- for as long as the United States existed the issue of the scope of power of the National Government was a biggie (and it still is today) Whose right is it to tell states what they can or can’t do? Can states decide for themselves? Or should there be unity within the country?

Northern and Southern economies The North: Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing (textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.) Benefits from cheaper American manufactured goods (more people will buy American products The South: Large farms/plantations, cash crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood products, small farms Dependent on slavery

The Nullification Crisis During the early 1800s, there was a rise of manufacturing in the North. In order to promote buyers to purchase American goods, the national government began imposing tariffs Tariff = tax on imports Imports = foreign goods So, tariffs = more expensive foreign goods, which means Tariffs = less expensive domestic goods

Tariffs sound good, right? Tariffs were good for the north, as manufacturing was more concentrated there But, tariffs weren’t as helpful for the southern economy, which requires trading raw materials with foreign countries Tariffs = less Americans buying foreign goods, so Tariffs = less foreign trade = less foreign countries buying cotton produced in the south

In 1828 Congress passed a high tariffs to protect manufactured goods Who are the supporters and opponents of this tariffs?

Nullification South Carolina (led by the current Vice President of the time, John C. Calhoun) disliked the “oppressive” new tariff They declared to nullify the federal law, meaning they would not enforce the tariff in South Carolina If the National Government forced them to comply, they threatened succession (separation from the Union)

Force Bill and Compromise The current President, Andrew Jackson, requested that Congress authorize him to use military force in order to force SC to comply with the tariff At the same time, a compromise tariff was passed in Congress that reduced tariffs within 10 years So, no nullification, and no secession…

Exit Ticket! – Remember to add these questions to your warm-up questions! How does the nullification crisis show growing division between the northern and southern states? How does the nullification crisis relate to the growing issue of slavery and sectionalism in the United States in the Early 1800s? Standard 9 and 10 vocabulary due today Coach Book – Read page 74-76. Answer the question on page 76 about Lincoln and #1-4 on page 77.