Immunology Essentials Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity Chapter 28

Cells of the Immune System Figure: 22-01 Caption: Origin of major cells involved in the immune response. The end cells produced by two major precursor lines, one generating phagocytic cells (myeloid precursors) and the other generating lymphocytic cells (lymphoid precursors), participate directly in immune responses.

Two Circulatory System Clicker Question: The primary lymphatic system is: lymph nodes brain. heart. bone marrow. toe nails. Figure: 22-02a Caption: The blood and lymph systems. (a) Overall view of the lymph system, showing the locations of major organs.

RBCs and WBCs Caption: Major immune cell types. (a) Phagocytic cells. The nucleated cell in the lower left center is a neutrophil (PMN), characterized by a segmented nucleus (violet stain) and granular cytoplasm. The nucleated cell to the right and slightly above the PMN is a monocyte. Phagocytes are 12–12 µm in diameter. The nonnucleated red blood cells are about 6 µm in diameter.

How to Recognize Non-Self from Self Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns AND Pattern Recognition Receptors Innate Immunity: DESTROY !! and Present Antigen to Adaptive Immune Response

Adaptive Immune Responsse Antigen exposure stimulates cells for form clones of B and T cells. Clicker Question: Ag = Antigen

Ag Presentation to T-cells

Ag Presentation to T-cells Clicker Question:

Adaptive Immunity: Specificity, Memory, and Tolerance. Clicker Question:

Adaptive Immunity: Specificity, Memory, and Tolerance. Clicker Question:

The Classic Cellular Response: Positive TB skin test. Clicker Question:

Clicker Question:

Clicker Question:

IgG Structure Antibodies bind Ag by the FAB portion = Fragment Antigen Binding. FC = Fragment-Constant region FAB FC

IgG Structure Clicker Question:

Antibody Production Against Protein Ags Clicker Question:

When Ag binds foreign Cell: Yummy ! Clicker Question:

Abs can also bind Soluble Foreign Molecules

Inflammation of a Child’s Foot Inflammation Characteristics: Redness (erythema) b. swelling (edema) c. Pain. d. Heat.

Inflammation of a Child’s Foot Inflammation can be caused by: tissue injury. b. toxins. c. Ab-Ag complexes Brought about by release of cytokines  capillary swelling + permeability

Local vs System Inflammation Systemic Inflammation: Septic Shock or Anaphylatic Shock

Immunoglobin Illustration from 9th Ed

Importance of Natural Immunity

Active and Passive Immunity

HIV infection

Vaccines

Childhood Vaccination Schedule

Vaccines Killed whole cell vaccines or inactivated whole virus vaccines. Partially purified cell fractions: tuberculin (purified Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Mixtures of pure polysaccharides. Pneumovax-23. Synthetic peptides. Minimum size of protein to get an immune response = 100 aa’s long. Antigenic determinants are ~20 aa’s long. Therefore carrier proteins are needed. First done: Foot and Mouth disease in cattle. DNA vaccines.

Hypersensitivities

Immediate Hypersensitivities: Allergies

Type 4 Delayed Type Hypersensitivity: Poison Ivy

Type 4 - Delayed Type Hypersensitivity The TB Skin Test

Autoimmune Diseases

Superantigens Mediate Pathological Inflammation Figure: 28-17 Caption: Bacterial superantigens act by binding to both the MHC protein and the TCR at positions outside the normal binding site. Because the superantigen-binding sites are found on conserved regions of MHC and TCR proteins, the superantigen can interact with large numbers of cells, stimulating massive T-cell activation, cytokine release, and even systemic inflammation.

Clonal Selection Clicker Question:

T-Cell Clonal Selection