Antitubercular and antileprotic drug Class- T.Y.B.Sc. Prof. G.J. Korane Associate Professor M.P.A.S.C. College Panvel, Dist.- Raigad

Introduction Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease. In developing countries major health problem. In India, there are 14 million cases of tuberculosis ,out of which approximately 3.5 million are sputum positive. About 0.5 million deaths occur every year in India.

Tuberculosis and it causes It is an infectious disease . It is caused by gram positive acid fast bacilli known as mycobacterium. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium Boris are responsible for producing T.B.

Tuberculosis and it causes Tuberculosis is a disease of respiratory transmission. A person gets infected when he come in contact with tubercular bacilli. These bacilli are expelled by coughing, sneezing, shouting and singing.

Types of tuberculosis Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB of respiratory tract and lungs). Tuberculosis meningitis (TB of meninges in brain). Tuberculosis laryngitis ( TB of larynx in throat). Miliary TB ( wide spread infection in the body).

Symptoms and diagnosis of tuberculosis Bad or productive cough Fatigue, malaise ,anorexia weight loss, low grade fever, night sweats. Weight loss –occurs late. Characteristic cough – frequent & produces mucoid or mucopurulent sputum. In some cases acute high fever chills.

Diagnosis of tuberculosis Chest x- ray. TB skin test also called Manteaux test or purified protein derivative test(PPD Test). Sputum test for TB. Lung fluid test for TB. Biopsy Lymph node biopsy.

Anti TB Drugs Characteristics of anti TB drugs. It must be bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. It must be highly diffusible. It must be able to penetrate the cell membrane. It must be effective in different biochemical environment. It must be relatively non toxic. It must be stable.

Classification of anti TB drugs Antibiotics e.g. Streptomycin and Refampin Amino Salicylates e.g. PAS Hydrazides e.g. INH ( ISONIAZID) Pyrazine derivative e.g. Pyrazinamide Aliphatic diamines e.g. Ethambutol Thioamides e.g. Ethioamide

Antileprotic Drug Leprosy is caused by the bacilli Mycobacterium leprae. It is considered as an incurable disease and bears a social stigma. Leprosy , also known as Hansen disease (HD), after the scientist who discovered M.LEPRAE IN 1873. That cause skin sores and nerve damage.

Symptoms of leprosy Leprosy primarily affect the shin , nerve , brain and spinal cord. It may also strike the eyes. Thin tissue lining the inside the nose. Disfiguring skin sores, lumps or bumps. The skin sores are pale –coloured. Nerve damage leads to – loss of feeling in the arms and legs. Muscle weakness.

Forms of leprosy Lepromatous Leprosy This is also known as nodular leprosy The patient`s resistance is low. It has widespread skin bump and rashes and muscle weakness. It is more contagious than tuberculoid leprosy. The disease effect mainly the face , nose, ears, and lymph gland.

2.Tuberculoid leprosy The patient`s resistance is high. Lesions are produced by only few bacilli. The nerve are affected first. Appearance of red hypo pigmented patches and the patch is insensitive to pain.

3. Interminate and Borderline leprosy These are mild forms of leprosy. When left untreated, they becomes lepromatous in nature.

Leprosy Complications Without treatment ,leprosy can permanently damage the skin ,nerves arms legs, feet, and eyes. Blindness or glaucoma. Disfiguration of the face. Erectile dysfunction and infertility in men.

Leprosy Complications Kidney failure. Muscle weakness that leads to claw- like hands or inability to flex the feet. Permanent damage the inside of the nose that can leads stuffy nose. Permanent damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Classification of antileprotic agents Sulphones e.g. DDS (Dapsone) Phenazine dyestuff e.g. Clofazimine Thioamide e.g. Ethioamide Ester of cyclopentane e.g.Chaulmogric acid Thiols e.g. Ditophal Antibiotic e.g. Streptomycin

Synthesis of Dapsone uses- Antileprotic drug

Synthesis of Ethioamide uses- anti-tuberculoid agent

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