BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W.E.B. DUBOIS NEGRO STATUS AT TURN OF THE CENTURY
COMPROMISE OF 1877 ENDS RECONSTRUCTION FEDERAL TROOPS WITHDRAW SOUTHERN WHITES SEEK “REDEMPTION.” RETURN OF WHITE SUPREMACY
TACTICS USED PHYSICAL INTIMIDATION BY KU KLUX KLAN DENIAL OF VOTING RIGHTS BY USE OF: POLL TAX GRANDFATHER CLAUSE LITERACY TESTS
“JIM CROW” SEGREGATION SEPARATE SOCIETIES - ONE WHITE & ONE BLACK ECONOMIC INTIMIDATION THRU SHARECROPPING SYSTEM AND BLACK CODES
WHITE SUPREMACY BY 1890 14TH AND 15TH AMENDMENTS IGNORED NO EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW NO VOTING RIGHTS MOST BLACK ARE SHARECROPPERS
THE SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS JIM CROW CASE OF PLESSY V FERGUSON 1896 “IF ONE RACE BE INFERIOR THE CONSTITUTION CANNOT MAKE THEM EQUAL…” “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” BECOMES THE RULE
MORE ON PLESSY CASE VOTE WAS 8 TO 1 JUSTICE JOHN HARLAN DISSENTED: “THE CONSTITUTION MUST BE COLOR BLIND…” SEGREGATION BECOMES WAY OF LIFE IN THE SOUTH
HOW SHOULD NEGROES DEAL WITH THEIR STATUS? SHOULD THEY ACCOMMODATE? SHOULD THEY CONFRONT THE INJUSTICE? HOW WOULD YOU HAVE REACTED?
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON BORN A SLAVE FOUNDED TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE 1881, IN ALABAMA WROTE UP FROM SLAVERY “NEGROES MUST PROVE THEMSELVES WORTHY”
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
MORE ON WASHINGTON… BECOME CRAFTSMEN & GOOD WORKERS. SEEK VOCATIONAL EDUCATION BE A CREDIT TO YOUR RACE DO NOT SEEK SOCIAL OR POLITICAL EQUALITY
MORE… WASHINGTON PROPOSED: “ATLANTA COMPROMISE” “RACES ARE LIKE THE FINGERS OF A HAND. THEY ARE SEPARATE BUT CAN WORK TOGETHER…”
MORE ON WASHINGTON… “IT IS FOLLY TO SEEK SOCIAL EQUALITY…” FORGET VOTING RIGHTS CONFRONTATION WILL MAKE THINGS WORSE EQUALITY MUST BE EARNED
WHITES HAIL WASHINGTON PRES. ROOSEVELT INVITES HIM TO WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON IS VOICE OF THE NEGRO IN AMERICA WHY WAS HE SO POPULAR WITH WHITES?
W.E.B. DUBOIS
W.E.B. DUBOIS REJECTS WASHINGTON’S APPROACH WROTE: THE SOUL OF BLACK FOLKS, IN 1903 HELD PH.D. FROM HARVARD
DUBOIS’ APPROACH BLACKS MUST CONFRONT INJUSTICE & DEMAND RIGHTS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION LIMITS NEGROES BLACK COMMUNITY SHOULD FOCUS ON “THE TALENTED TENTH”
MORE ON DUBOIS POOL RESOURCES TO GIVE TALENTED TENTH HIGHER EDUCATION THEY WILL BE FUTURE LEADERS & WIN EQUALITY IN COURTS
MORE… ONE OF FOUNDERS OF NIAGARA MOVEMENT 1905 AND NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (N.A.A.C.P.) 1909 EDITOR OF CRISIS MAGAZINE
DUBOIS ON WASHINGTON: COMPROMISE IS APPROVAL OF SEGREGATION WILL ERECT CLASS BARRIERS BASED ON RACE CONDEMNS NEGROES TO 2ND CLASS CITIZENSHIP
MORE… WHITES WILL BELIEVE BLACKS ARE SATISFIED WITH INEQUALITY NEGROES LIKE WASHINGTON HELP WHITES MAINTAIN THE STATUS QUO
WHO DO YOU THINK WAS RIGHT? WHITES AT THE TIME SAW DUBOIS AS A TROUBLE MAKER WHITES PRAISED WASHINGTON FOR HIS PATIENCE
WHICH WAY??