Reconstruction to Progressive Era

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Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois © Shawn McCusker.

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Presentation transcript:

Reconstruction to Progressive Era 1873: Ku Klux Klan

Reconstruction to Progressive Era 1875: Civil Rights Act (prohibits discrimination in public places)

Reconstruction to Progressive Era 1883 Civil Rights Cases(14th Amendment/Equal Protection does not apply to private businesses and acts)

Reconstruction to Progressive Era Black codes/Jim Crow Laws start to take shape and Segregation grows

Reconstruction to Progressive Era Timothy Thomas Fortune Formed the Afro-American League predecessor to NAACP (1884) Focus on Self-Help Failed (lack of funding)

Reconstruction to Progressive Era Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) (Segregation/Jim Crow Laws are OK as long as facilities are equal)

Reconstruction to Progressive Era Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) (Segregation/Jim Crow Laws are OK as long as facilities are equal)

HOWARD UNIVERSITY Pharmacy class at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Pharmaceutical laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC, ca. 1900. REPRODUCTION No.: LC-USZ62-35750 (b&w film copy neg.) http://www.howard.edu/explore/paris/images/14paris.jpg

Library at Howard University Howard University library, about 1890 (Courtesy of Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University Archives) http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/3-organized/images/hulibrary.jpg

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE Carpentry class at Tuskegee Institute (currently Tuskegee University) From the collections of the Alabama Department of Archives and History http://216.226.178.196/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/photo&CISOPTR=4419&CISOBOX=1&REC=3

Senior class in Agricultural Education at Tuskegee Institute From the collections of the Alabama Department of Archives and History http://216.226.178.196/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/photo&CISOPTR=3386&CISOBOX=1&REC=5

Two African Americans, Two Diverse Backgrounds Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois

Booker T. Washington Outlined his views on race relations in a speech at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta – “Atlanta Compromise” Felt that black people should work to gain economic security before equal rights Believed black people will “earn” equality

Booker T. Washington Developed programs for job training and vocational skills at Tuskegee Institute Asked whites to give job opportunities to black people Was popular with white leaders in the North and South

Booker T. Washington Was unpopular with many black leaders Associated with leaders of the Urban League which emphasized jobs and training for blacks

Booker T. Washington g Born a slave in southwestern Virginia g Believed in vocational education for blacks g Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama g Believed in gradual equality The slang term “Uncle Tom” is used in the African American or black community to describe someone who is perceived as overly ingratiating in interactions with white people. The term is meant to imply that the Uncle Tom is subservient and excessively deferential, behaving as someone of a lesser class or social status rather than treating whites as equals. Usually, this term is used as an insult. (definition from WiseGeek.com) Accused of being an “Uncle Tom” g Received much white support g Wrote Up From Slavery (1901)

W.E.B. DuBois Views given in The Souls of Black Folks and The Crisis Strongly opposed Booker T. Washington’s tolerance of segregation Demanded immediate equality for blacks

W.E.B. DuBois Felt talented black students should get a classical education Felt it was wrong to expect citizens to “earn their rights” Founded the NAACP along with other black and white leaders

W.E.B. DuBois g Born in 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts Well educated-First African American to receive Ph.D. from Harvard Wanted immediate equality between blacks and whites g Wanted classical higher education for blacks g Wrote The Souls of Black Folk (1903) g The Niagara Movement – led to NAACP