The challenges for better partnership of the government-NGO PAD-6908 Askew School Jungwoo Hong

Dependency Question? Government Support to NGO (OECD, 1999) Australia: 5%, but only for overseas work Canada: 7.5% for matching grant projects and programmes Denmark: 7% for development projects, 5% for emergencies EU: 6% Japan: zero Switzerland: 10% for projects; 13% for programmes; 5% for emergencies US: Generally a ‘Negotiated Indirect Cost Rate Agreement’, worked out with each NGO on the basis of actuals Korea: 26%, analysis of 20 faith based development NGOs (2010)

Government – NGO Relationship Military regimes ( 1960 - 1990) feared the civil society , no assistance financial assistance  pro-government organizations Democracy (1990 - ) significantly expanded their activities has changed from repression to more cooperation

Challenges for better partnership Dependency (accountability and sustainability) Overwhelming tendency toward service delivery Faith-based organizations with proselytizing agenda a lack of capacity

1. Dependency Two main characteristics cash payment for projects from government  possibility for government to influence NGO directly implementing various projects  much greater influence than other indirect ways (vouchers )

1. Dependency Two tricky issues Accountability: calling for greater accountability (legitimate, transparent, and credible)  NGO self-regulatory mechanisms (ex> Code of Conduct) Sustainability: NGOs’ insufficient resources on their own  the sustainability of organizations and their work has problem

2. Service delivery General Korean civil society organizations focused on advocacy activities  holding the state and business sector accountable and demanding transparency Korean development NGOs focus largely on service delivery rather than advocacy limited financial and human resources  lacks an enabling environment for advocacy work

3. Faith-based organization The majority of Korean development NGOs 65% are based on religion, and of this group over 70% are Christian a number of conservative ones focusing on personal faith and proselytism rather than social issues religiousness sometimes acts as a constraint ex> Korean missionary work volunteers were expelled from Afghanistan government and has been shot by civil-military organization in 2007

4. A lack of Capacity with a short history and a lack of experience  the challenges of capacity building organizational visions and missions are not widely shared among their staff fail to complete monitoring and evaluation procedures

For the better partnership new charitable public foundation voluntary service’s support more indirect assistance mechanisms a variety of civil society partnership programs

1. Independent charity foundation Representative mechanism  government can help NGOs in a more indirect way Direct governmental influence can be minimized  the monitoring function of the service delivery of NGOs (an expanded auditing function of that foundation)

2. voluntary service’s support Voluntary service: a basic root of civil movement enacting the Act of Assistance for Activities of Voluntary Service (AAA-VS) to support the necessary equipment and supporting staff for more active voluntary service

3. Indirect assistance mechanisms more indirect assistance mechanisms tax credits, deductions, tax-exempt bonds, contributions, fees Ex> 25 percent reduction of the regular cost, tax reduction, and administrative support (the use of public facilities for meetings)  more practical

4. Civil society partnership programs Current support: Simply offering financial support (solely administrative, and chiefly financial) civil society partnership programs invest in both organizational and human resource capacity building  utilizing local expertise  developing an educational curriculum  providing civic education on development

References Han, J-K. 2010. The Trend of International Development NGOs and its Implication on Korean Development NGOs, Paper presented at the annual conference of Korean Association of International Development and Cooperation: Korea’s Joining DAC and Hosting HLF: Significance and Tasks, Seoul, South Korea, January 22, 2010 (in Korea) Heyzer, N., Riker, J. V., & Quizon, A. B. (1995). Government-NGO relations in Asia: Prospects and challenges for people-centred development. Kuala Lumpur: Asian and Pacific Development Centre. Hyuk-Sang Sohn, Sowi kim, (2011). Government-NGO Partnerships for International Development Cooperation: A Case Study of South Korea. International Studies Review Vol. 12 Korea NGO Council for Overseas development Cooperation (KCOC). (2010). 2009 Annual report of Korean development NGOs. KCOC OECD. (2011). How DAC Members Work With Civil Society Organizations: An Overview. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/dac/peer-reviews/48843465.pdf Smillie, I., Helmich, H., German, T., Randel, J., & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1999). Stakeholders: Government-NGO partnerships for international development. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Thank you The most prime value to NGOs is to maintain their own core competency such as morality, independence, expertise, creativity, accountability, and transparency.