Developing Cultural Competence Irena Papadopoulos Head of Research Centre for Transcultural Studies in Health

We will discuss… the meaning of cultural competence: Definition, Model the reasons why cultural competence has become a requirement in midwifery? is cultural competence being taught to undergraduate midwifery students? is the assessment and care of the woman and baby culturally competent where you work. 5. My message I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

My definition of cultural competence The capacity to provide effective and COMPASSIONATE healthcare taking into consideration people's cultural beliefs, behaviours and needs. I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

The Papadopoulos, Tilki & Taylor model of transcultural health and cultural competence (1998, 2006) CULTURAL AWARENESS CULTURAL COMPETENCE Self awareness Cultural identity Heritage adherence Ethnocentricity Stereotyping Ethno-history Assessment skills Diagnostic skills Clinical Skills Challenging & addressing prejudice, discrimination and inequalities COMPASSION COURAGE CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE CULTURAL SENSITIVITY Health beliefs & behaviours Anthropological, Socio-political, Psychological & Biological understanding Similarities and differences Health inequalities Empathy, Appropriateness Interpersonal/communication skills Trust, Respect, Acceptance Barriers to cultural sensitivity

Dealing with the challenges in a culturally competent and compassionate way REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS Cultural awareness What are my cultural values on this, how do they differ from the client and how do they influence my interaction with him/her? ‘…small things like asking about my family…these made such a difference and made me feel like a person not a patient’ Cultural knowledge Does my professional knowledge and status clashes with that of the client’s and how can I level the power differentials? How can I empower the client? “…I changed from being an articulate patient advocate [Jason Leitch ,National lead for quality in the Scottish government] to being a disempowered grandson who could not speak up to protect his grandmother from potential infection issues”.

Cultural sensitivity How can I best communicate and connect with this client? How can I ask the client about the things I know very little about? How can I gain his/her trust? Do I have the courage to be compassionate to people whose world views and values are different to mine? Cultural competence How can I provide care that is competent, compassionate and acceptable? Are there any professional and /or organisational structures and practices which exclude and /or discriminate about the client? Do I have the courage to challenge them? Do I have the wisdom and courage to challenge substandard, insensitive and unkind care which I encounter?

Cultural competence is also… both a process and an output, and results from the synthesis of knowledge and skills which we acquire during our personal and professional lives and to which we are constantly adding. I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

Why should cultural competence be a requirement for midwifery? I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

The NMC Code I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

Human Rights I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

The Equality and Diversity agenda I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

NHS economics I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

Staff satisfaction Happier teams I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

Is cultural competence being taught (and what)to undergraduate midwifery students? I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

Is the assessment and care of the woman and baby culturally competent where you work? I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

My message to you… Culturally competent care is no longer an option but a MUST DO. We must develop the HABITS of courage, compassion and cultural competence by PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE. Having culture-generic knowledge will help us ask the appropriate culture-specific questions. Cultural Competence is not about accepting all practices in the name of culture. DON’T BE AFRAID TO CHALLENGE… I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016

Thank you r.papadopoulos@mdx.ac.uk I. Papadopoulos, Maternity Midwifery & Baby conference, London 4th February 2016