Chapter 2 Health Care Systems

2:1 Private Health Care Facilities Growth—one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the United States Employment opportunities—employs over 13 million workers in over 200 careers Expenditures—it is a four-billion-dollar- per-day business and growing (continues)

Private Health Care Facilities (continued) Hospitals: treat a wide range of conditions & age groups Long-term care facilities (LTC or LTCF): care & assistance for elderly patients or individuals with disabilities Independent living and assisted living: rent an apartment, meals & other services are provided

Medical office : privately owned or owned by co-ops… Medical office : privately owned or owned by co-ops….may be specialty offices as well Dental offices: private or group owned Clinics or satellite centers: group of health care providers in one facility Optical centers: privately owned. Provide vision support

Emergency care services: rescue squads Laboratories: may be part of another facility, some however are large contracting labs Home health care: provide care in a patient’s home Hospice agencies: provide care for the terminally ill, usually 6 months or less to live Mental health facilities: treat patients with mental diseases and disorders Genetic counseling centers: works with diseases that are inherited and counseling parents to be Rehabilitation facilities: located in hospitals, physical, occupational, & speech therapy (continues)

Private Health Care Facilities (continued) Health maintenance organizations (HMOs): health care delivery systems and health insurance….large industries & corporations Industrial health care centers or occupational health clinics: on-site health care School health services: found in schools & colleges

2:2 Government Agencies Government services are tax supported World Health Organization (WHO) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (continues)

Government Agencies (continued) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Health Departments

2:3 Voluntary or Nonprofit Agencies Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers and grants Health services are provided at national, state, and local levels Examples include the American Cancer Society, March of Dimes, American Red Cross and many more (continues)

Voluntary or Nonprofit Agencies (continued) Organizations focus on specific diseases Educate the public Provide special services Purchase medical equipment Staffed by many health care workers and volunteers

2:4 Health Insurance Plans Health care costs are rising faster than other costs of living Most people rely on health insurance plans to pay for health care costs Without insurance, the cost of an illness can become a financial disaster

Insurance Terminology Deductible Co-insurance Co-payment

Types of Plans Health insurance plans Health maintenance organization (HMO) Preferred provider organization (PPO) Medicare Medigap (continues)

Types of Plans (continued) Medicaid The State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Worker’s Compensation U.S. government plans for all military personnel and their families Managed care plans

HIPAA Five components Health care access Preventing health care fraud Tax-related health provisions Application and enforcement of group health plan requirements Revenue offsets

2:5 Organizational Structure Line of authority or chain of command Indicates areas of responsibility Goal: most efficient operation of facility Complex or simple structure determined by size and needs of organization Sample organizational charts (See Figure 2-4 and 2-5 in text) (continues)

Organizational Structure (continued) The line of authority must be clearly indicated in any organizational structure Workers must identify and understand their position in the structure To follow proper channels of communication, workers must take problems, reports, and questions to their immediate supervisor