Current Trends in Image Processing Research By Dr. G. R. Sinha Senior Grade IEEE Member Professor (Electronics & Tele. ) & Associate Director Faculty of Engineering & Technology Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, INDIA Email: drgrsinha@ieee.org, drgrsinha@ssgi.edu.in

Outline of Talk!!! Introduction Current Trends Implementation and Challenges Scope of Research Privacy and Security Issues Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Introduction In last decade, there has been numerous research contributions in the field of digital image processing. Some of the major areas of application are: Biometrics Medical Imaging Remote Sensing and Satellite Imaging Surveillance CBIR Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

New Challenges It is expected to have an impact on robotics, medicine, surveillance, virtual reality, metrology, and human–computer interfaces. More emphasis on human perception, acquisition and display devices. Models of human perception, different imaging modalities, compressive sensing, imaging and video networks, scene analysis, biomedical and biological image processing. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Image Registration Image registration is a process of matching and overlaying two or more images of the same scene. It is one of the most important image processing operations in medical imaging, remote sensing, surveillance, robot vision, quality inspection etc. This is a necessary step when performing image fusion and detecting changes. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Cultural Heritage and Restoration Art restorers and conservators use various visual sensors for better analysis of old artworks and modern image processing methods can facilitate their work. Material Research and analysis of Microscopic Samples. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Image Forensics Development of mathematical and computational algorithms capable of detecting the traces of tampering in digital images. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Microscopic Image Processing Manual processing of microscopy images is very tedious and prone to errors. Main tasks in processing are segmentation of cells from the background, segmentation of individual cells and their tracking over time. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Detection Traces Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

ISL Biometrics http://www.wileyindia.com/biometrics-concepts-and-applications.html Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Challenges in Biometrics Large intra-class variability Noisy and distorted images System performance (error rate, speed etc.) Attacks on the biometric system Every biometric characteristic has some limitations Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Imperfect Images Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Vulnerabilities Override Final Decision Y/N Stored Templates Modify Template Override Feature Extractor Intercept the channel Sensor Feature Extractor Matcher Y/N Application Device Synthesized Feature Vector Override Final Decision Replay Old Data Fake Biometric Override Matcher Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Multimodal Biometrics Multimodal biometrics improves performance A combination of uncorrelated modalities (e.g. fingerprint, iris and face etc.) is expected to result in improvement in performance than a combination of correlated modalities. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Feature Level Score Level Decision Level Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Architecture of Multimodal Biometrics http://www.wileyindia.com/biometrics-concepts-and-applications.html Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Fusion http://www.wileyindia.com/biometrics-concepts-and-applications.html Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

contd.. http://www.wileyindia.com/biometrics-concepts-and-applications.html Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Major Challenges Big Data Retrieval Time Poor resolution of image Blurring due to motion Poor focusing and lighting Improper scanning or interlacing Awareness Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Parallel Image Processing may help Client Server Communication medium Node-1 Node-2 Node-3 Node-4 Node-5 Node-6 Fractal Image Compressor Parallel Fractal Image Compression Input Image Image De-compressor Decompressed Image Fractal image Decompression Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Soft computing tools help to great extent Computers are used to emulate the reasoning, problem-solving, creativity, and planning behaviors of human beings so that they can solve problems that are too large or too complex to be solved with traditional techniques. The tools are: Fuzzy Sets Neuron Networks Expert Systems (Knowledge-Based Systems) Genetic Algorithms Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Privacy Issues The biometric systems require personal data and therefore the issues related to personal privacy of an individual are of concern. The issues related to attitude of people and willingness to use biometric technologies are important factors in their design and implementation. Biometric systems have to ensure that there is no infringement or invasion of privacy of the people concerned. Their personal entities are stored as digital data for verification and the data is safeguarded. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Soft Biometrics Soft biometrics uses characteristics of people such as scars, marks, tattoos, color of eye and hair color, etc., which provide some information about the individual. These traits may be acquired and stored along with the primary data during the enrollment stage. Utilization of micro-level facial marks, moles, scars, etc., can help in achieving performance improvement in facial biometrics. Scars, marks and tattoos are employed by law enforcement agencies for identification of suspects. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Advantages of Soft Biometrics Soft biometric traits are as significant for each individual as they are distinctive. Most people carry soft biometric features in some form. The soft biometric features can never be transferred to another person. False derivations from these characteristics are very difficult as the template cannot be tampered with unlike in conventional biometrics. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Disadvantages These features used in soft biometrics cannot be solely relied upon for large scale implementations such as AADHAAR as the color of eyes and hair can be changed at will. The feature extraction methods presently used are not sufficient for soft biometrics. Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Innovative & Inspiring Equation E =mc2 m = Motivation c = Commitment E = Excellence Current Trends in DIP Research Dr G R Sinha 15th November 2013

Thank You for Kind Attention Any Queries Please!!