Integrating Sources for Annotated Bib In both MLA and APA Style

Give your reader context so she doesn’t have to guess why source material appears in your paper. Avoid “floating quotes” (starting a sentence with a quote you haven’t introduced). Use a signal phrase to introduce a source: According to Dworsky and Courtney (2009), “between 31% and 46% of study participants had been homeless at least once by age 26 years.” Major General Hitchcock, a member of General Sherman’s staff, observed that the destructive March to the Sea demonstrated that “a large army can march with impunity through the heart of the richest rebel state” (Mitchel 37).

Use a claim & colon to introduce a quote State the main idea in your own words and follow that with a colon and the quote. Kara recommends the Crisis Intervention Team model in which police coordinate with mental health service personnel: “The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model is highly regarded as the best practice in the police response to the mentally ill” (p. 83).

Mechanics—for both MLA & APA Don’t use a capital letter when the quote is integrated into your sentence: ... the Amethyst Initiative, a “much publicized advocacy effort” ... Do use a capital letter with the claim-and-colon-style lead-in: ...health service personnel: “The Crisis Intervention Team...” Do use a capital letter with a dialogue-tag style lead-in: Eileen Smit (2010) states, “Health care providers are only beginning to understand the health care needs of internationally adopted children and their families, and further research is needed” (p. 56).

More mechanics for both APA and MLA Parenthetical citations go after the end quotation mark and the period goes after that: Rodgers et al. note that certain behaviors indicate anxiety: “While acknowledging its hidden or subjective aspects, human anxiety is invariably reflected in overt behavioral disturbances including, for example, avoidance, escape and non-verbal vocalization and/or hypervigilance” (13-15).

Use block quotation when the quote takes up 4 lines Double-space and indent 2 tabs for block quotations. The block format tells the reader it’s a quote, so you don’t need quotation marks. In the 1950s the introduction of antipsychotic medications caused a dramatic increase in the numbers of the mentally ill in the general population: People who had been in psychiatric hospitals for most of their lives were able to return to the community and to their families. Politicians like then Governor Ronald Reagan saw this as an opportunity to save money by shutting down state psychiatric facilities and other hospitals that had traditionally housed the mentally ill in favor of community treatment. (Bonds) Note that the parenthetical citation goes after the period in a block quote.

APA in-text citation For Annotated Bib you won’t need to name the source—it’s in the citation. You do need to use parenthetical citations to give pages when you cite a statistic, specific idea or phrase that is not general knowledge, a paraphrase or direct quotation. Use “p.” before page number: (p. 353).

MLA in-text citation Again, for Annotated Bib you won’t need to name the source—it’s in the citation. Use parenthetical citations to give pages when you cite a statistic, specific idea or phrase that is not general knowledge, a paraphrase or direct quotation. In MLA, list only the page number, no “p.”: Sandra Kaplan et al. state, “After leaving foster care, young adults continue to remain disproportionately dependent on federal human services and programs that address homelessness, mental health challenges, and chemical dependency” (349).