What your life is made of Rocks & Minerals What your life is made of

Earth’s Layers

Earth’s Layers Inner core = solid nickel Outer core = liquid nickel Mantle = magma Crust = ROCKS & MINERALS In which layer of earth are oceans and mountains found? Do scientists know the above as facts? Scientists are (certain, guessing) about these layers of earth.

Rocks are from Earth’s Crust This is where we get IGNEOUS rocks: Magma Lava Rocks!

Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks can be Porous: full of air pockets Less dense than metamorphic rocks Shiny like black glass Grainy like granite Which kind is this?

Pumice (Igneous Rock) Pores = “porous” Porous = less dense Can float on water Cooled rapidly Used for pedicure

Pumice can float in water!

Basalt (Igneous Rock) Dark black or grey May be porous Used in asphalt

Granite (Igneous Rock) Speckled with various crystals Different varieties Most common Granite Gypsum Feldspar Mica

Obsidian (Igneous Rock) Black, shiny like glass Good for making arrowheads

Uses for Igneous Rocks Basalt Obsidian Art Statues Roads Jewelry Weapons (anciently)

How we use Igneous Rocks Pumice Soap powder Smoothing feet -- pedicure Granite Monuments Shiny countertops Building stone Blocks of Salt Lake LDS Temple

Igneous Rock Review How are igneous rocks formed? What are some names of igneous rock? Which rock is like black glass? has speckles? is used in road building? can float on water? Obsidian, granite, basalt, pumice

Sedimentary Rocks Bryce Canyon

Sedimentary Rocks Weathering Layers stuck together Heat and cold break up rocks into dust over time Dust carried by wind or water Layers stuck together Sediments settle over time Cemented together Layers of different colors

Common Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone Layers of sand cemented together Often orange Limestone Weathered Ancient Seashells, Fossils Often light colored Shale Mud from river bottoms Conglomerate Different rocks cemented together

Sandstone Often layered Orange Feels rough (“sandy”)

Limestone Weathered ancient shells of sea creatures Light colored Fossils

Fossils – Sedimentary Rock

Conglomerate Varied rocks cemented together Like a mosaic

Shale Mud from river bottoms Dark in color Flat pieces

Uses for Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone building stone Limestone cement Conglomerate decorative Shale Roofing Bricks

More Sedimentary Rocks Coal Used for Fuel Salt Gypsum Used for Wallboard

Sedimentary Rock Review How are sedimentary rocks formed? What is weathering? How do sedimentary layers form? What are some sedimentary rocks called? Which sedimentary rock a. is made of layers of sand? b. has smaller rocks cemented together? c. is made from ancient sea creatures’ shells? d. is flat and dark? e. is used for fuel?

Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed by Heat and pressure Any rock can become metamorphic: Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks . . . when enough heat and pressure are present. These rocks are dense!

Metamorphic Rocks Heat and pressure have condensed, or compacted, the crystals so tightly that they have no more air bubbles. Metamorphic rocks are a) heavy b) compact c) dense d) all of the above

Metamorphic Rocks Marble Quartzite Slate Gneiss Schist Which rock is metamorphosed shale? Limestone? Granite? Sandstone?

Metamorphic Rocks 1. Gneiss 2. quartzite 3. schist 4,5&6: slate flooring

Metamorphic Rocks Sandstone metamorphoses into quartzite. Shale metamorphoses into slate.

Metamorphic Rocks Limestone metamorphoses into marble. Granite metamorphoses into gneiss.

The Rock Cycle